OPIOID OVERDOSE IS A BURGEONING PUBLIC HEALTH crisis, accounting for at least 16 000 deaths annually in the United States. Opioid overdose occurs across sex, ethnic, age, and geographic strata and involvesbothmedicalandnonmedicalopioiduse.Todate, federal government response has focused primarily on monitoringandsecuringthedrugsupply. ThisViewpointsuggestsvariousstepsnecessarytosupportamorecompr...

tramadol is used in treatment of moderate to severe pain. nowadays tramadol overdose is one of the common emergencies. naloxone is an antagonist which is used as a first step of treatment in these patients. this study was designed to evaluate the seizurogenic effects of naloxone in tramadol overdose. a number of 124 patients with the diagnosis of tramadol overdose were divided to receive low-do...

BACKGROUND Two randomised 12-week, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter studies comparing oxycodone PR/naloxone PR and oxycodone PR alone on symptoms of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction in patients with moderate/severe non-malignant pain have been conducted. METHODS These studies were prospectively designed to be pooled and the primary outcome measure of the pooled data analysis was to d...

We describe two studies designed to elucidate the role of endogenous opioids in blood pressure control in humans. In the first study, nine normal subjects received infusions of DAMME (a metenkephalin analog), naloxone, or saline, and blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma norepinephrine concentration were determined supine and following 5 minutes of 70 degrees head-up tilt at intervals for 6 ho...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a powerful inducer of food intake with a key site of action in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. An effective method for inhibiting the effects of NPY is pretreatment with the opioid antagonists naloxone or naltrexone. In the present study, we used immunohistochemistry for cFos as a marker of neuronal activity to map the effects of PVN-injected NPY a...

Drug overdose death rates have increased steadily in the United States since 1979. In 2008, a total of 36,450 drug overdose deaths (i.e., unintentional, intentional [suicide or homicide], or undetermined intent) were reported, with prescription opioid analgesics (e.g., oxycodone, hydrocodone, and methadone), cocaine, and heroin the drugs most commonly involved . Since the mid-1990s, community-b...

Case: A previously healthy 23-month-old 12.6-kg boy presented to an outside community emergency department with vomiting and respiratory depression after a single episode of red-orange emesis that looked and smelled like his mother’s buprenorphine/naloxone tablets (8 mg/2 mg formulation). She reported slowed respirations, small pupils, and somnolence, but she denied witnessing any ingestion; th...

The authors investigated the effect of the opioid antagonist naloxone on wheel-running behavior in Balb/c mice. Naloxone delayed the acquisition of wheel-running behavior, but did not reduce the expression of this behavior once acquired. Delayed acquisition was not likely a result of reduced locomotor activity, as naloxone-treated mice did not exhibit reduced wheel running after the behavior wa...

The effect of repetitive administration of naloxone on the development of massed amygdaloid kindling in 'encéphale isolé' cats was studied. Electrical amygdaloid kindling was carried out with a 15 min inter-stimulus interval (ISI) in a control situation with intravenous (i.v.) naloxone administration (2, 4, and 8 mg/kg), 5 min prior to amygdaloid stimulation. It was found that it was possible t...

To evaluate the safety and possible efficacy of high-dose naloxone for the treatment of acute cerebral ischemia, 38 patients received a loading dose of 160 mg/m2 over 15 minutes followed by a 24-hour infusion at the rate of 80 mg/m2/hr. Nausea and/or vomiting were common side effects. Naloxone was discontinued in seven patients (because of hypotension in one, bradycardia and hypotension in two,...