the present article deals with the position and features of imam ali´s instructions to malik al- ashtar in islamic sources. it studies the sources of imam ali´s instructions to malik including sunni and shiite ones, their position in jurisprudential and exegetical sources, and their popularity in different parts of the muslim world. furthermore, taking the chain of transmission of these instruc...

This article reviews on the administration of teaching Balaghah at higher institutions in Malaysia was done to: (1) identify past research and learning Malaysia, (2) locate gap within related testing (3) analyse new issues regarding which can provide references future. review used a qualitative method, involving data retrieval content analysis. Among analyzed documents include journal articles,...

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ibn abī al-ḥadīd, as one of the commentators of nahj al-balāgha has tried in his commentaries to take into consideration one of the important principles of fiqh al-ḥadīth, i.e. critique of tradition. having examined the critical approach of the commentator in his writings as well as his pivotal ijtihād (legal reasoning) in his treating traditions, the writer of this article has studied the meth...

i had an opportunity to translate the two most famous letters of imam ‘alī (a.s.) in nahj al-balāghah (peak of eloquence), the famous collection of the preaching and letters of imam ‘alī and one of the most sacred books of shia islam after the qur‘an, from arabic into japanese. one of them is his letter to imam ḥasan, his eldest son and the second imam, and the other is an appointment letter to...