BACKGROUND Infections of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s), E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus are commonly found co-endemic on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China, and an efficient tool is needed to facilitate the detection of infected hosts and for species identification. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A single-tube multiplex PCR assay was established to differentiate the Echinococcu...

In this study NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mitochondrion) protein has been used to investigate its role in antigenicity. NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mitochondrion) protein is an active protein in mitochondria and it is a part of a large enzyme complex known as complex I. Complex I play an important role in oxidative phosphorylation. The NADH dehydrogenase complex (or mitochondrial respirator...

NADH oxidase-overproducing Lactococcus lactis strains were constructed by cloning the Streptococcus mutans nox-2 gene, which encodes the H2O-forming NADH oxidase, on the plasmid vector pNZ8020 under the control of the L. lactis nisA promoter. This engineered system allowed a nisin-controlled 150-fold overproduction of NADH oxidase at pH 7.0, resulting in decreased NADH/NAD ratios under aerobic ...

Mitochondrial complex I (CI) is a multi-subunit enzyme that forms the major entry point of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) electrons into the respiratory chain. Mutations in the NDUFS4 gene, encoding an accessory subunit of this complex, cause a Leigh-like phenotype in humans. To study the nature and penetrance of the CI defect in different tissues, we investigated the role of NDUFS4 i...

Respiratory chain complexes are organized into large supercomplexes among which supercomplex In + IIIn + IVn is the only one that can directly transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen. Recently, it was reported that the formation of supercomplex In + IIIn + IVn in mice largely depends on their genetic background. However, in this study, we showed that the composition of supercomplex In + IIIn + I...

The genus Semisulcospira is an economically and ecologically valuable freshwater resource. Among the species, coreana, forticosta tegulata are endemic to Korean peninsula gottschei widespread in Asia. Therefore, maintenance conservation of wild populations these snails important. We investigated genetic diversity population structure based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), ...

Enzymatic reactions can successfully replace complex chemical syntheses using milder reaction conditions and generating less waste. The developed model-based numerical analysis turned out to be a beneficial tool determine the optimal operating policies of multienzymatic reactors. As proved, for such cases, determination Fed-Batch Reactor (FBR) policy results in difficult multiobjective optimiza...

The time-resolved and steady state fluorescence properties were measured for pig heart cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase at pH 6.0 and 8.0. The fluorescence decay can be described by two rate processes, according to the functions: I(t) = 0.7e(-t/1.0) + 0.3e(-t/4.4) for the free enzyme and I(t) = 0.7e(-t/0.8) + 0.3e(-t/2.0 for the enzyme . NADH complex. Quenching by NADH of the tryptophan fluores...

Seven of the approximately 40 subunits of the mammalian respiratory NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) are encoded in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Their function is almost completely unknown. In this work, a novel selection scheme has led to the isolation of a mouse A9 cell derivative defective in NADH dehydrogenase activity. This cell line carries a near-homoplasmic frameshift mutation in the mtDNA ...