OBJECTIVES Apoptosis is a mechanism for deletion of injured or obsolete cells that is distinct from necrosis and mediated by mitochondrial release of cytochrome c caspase activation. Because myocardial apoptosis is a part of normal fetal and postnatal maturation, we hypothesize that neonatal myocardium is more vulnerable to undergo myocardial apoptosis than mature myocardium after cardioplegic ...

Terms commonly used to describe different myocardial states are ‘‘viable’’, ‘‘stunned’’, ‘‘hibernating’’, ‘‘infarcted’’, and ‘‘scarred’’. Common problems are to equate infarcted myocardium with irrecoverable dysfunction, making no allowance for partial-thickness infarction, and to equate viable myocardium with hibernation. It is particularly important to distinguish between viable and hibernati...

INTRODUCTION Assessing myocardial viability in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction can be critical to determine which patients might benefit from revascularization [1]. Delayed-enhancement MR imaging (DE-MRI) has shown promise in distinguishing healthy myocardium from infarcted myocardium since infarcted myocardium exhibits higher signal than normal myocardium...

The effects of verapamil (0.02-0.2 mg/kg) on contractility in normal and partially ischemic myocardium were compared with the changes following propranolol (0.01-1.0 mg/kg). Regional contractile function was studied in open-chest dogs with ultrasonic crystals and ischemia was controlled by graded occlusion of a carotid-to-coronary artery shunt. Reduction in shunt perfusion pressure (40-55 mm Hg...

We evaluated flow reserve in non-obstructed bypass grafts supplying infarcted and noninfarcted myocardium. Bypass grafts were examined by phase-contrast flow measurements and myocardial viability was assessed with late enhancement technique. Flow reserve was higher in bypasses supplying normal myocardium compared to those supplying infarcted myocardium (2.9 vs. 1.5, p<.0001). This difference re...

Background Reduction of post-contrast T1 in remote normal myocardium was recently reported in patients with AMI, indicating that extracellular matrix expansion occurs in remote myocardium early after MI. Such extracellular matrix expansion observed in non-infarcted myocardium without edema seems to be one of key factors causing LV remodeling after MI. However, since the previous study only dete...

Phospholipid metabolism was studied in rat myocardial slices that were incubated under normoxia or hypoxia for up to 24 hours. Phospholipid degradation was prominent in hypoxic myocardium, particularly phosphatidylcholine, which markedly decreased after 24 hours of hypoxia. In contrast, lysophosphatidylcholine increased. The mechanism of phospholipid degradation in hypoxic myocardium was studie...

Heart and vascular diseases, or cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), have remained relevant for many decades remain the most serious health problem in countries around world, including Kazakhstan. Experts from World Health Organization (WHO) predict that by 2030 death CVD may occur 23.6 million people of working age. The widespread use reconstructive interventional methods, ensuring restoration bloo...

PURPOSE To test the feasibility of first-pass contrast-enhanced myocardial perfusion imaging at 3 Tesla and to evaluate the change in perfusion index between normal, remote and ischemic myocardium, we obtained perfusion index from healthy subjects and patients with coronary artery stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS First-pass contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging was performed on 12 patients and 3...

Viable, chronically dysfunctional myocardium with reduced resting flow (or hibernating myocardium) is an important prognostic factor in ischemic heart disease. Although thallium-201 imaging is frequently used to assess myocardial viability in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, there are limited data regarding its deposition in hibernating myocardium, and this data suggest that thallium rete...