1 Mustard gas is a lipophilic, highly cytotoxic agent that rapidly penetrates tissue, and the eye is one of the organs mostly affected,[1] but skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and renal systems as well as the bone marrow may also be affected.[2] Mustard gas related ocular injuries can be divided into immediate, chronic, and delayed‐onset phases. Acute manifestations of varying degrees, incl...

The Medical Annual, 1940. Bristol: John Wright & Sons, Ltd. Price 20s. The Medical Annual in its 58th year of life maintains the high standard set in previous editions. It is an indispensable book for the busy general practitioner and contains much of interest. The ophthalmic section is by Sir Stewart Duke-Elder, who discusses such subjects as cataract and vitamins, diseases of the cornea, sulp...

INTRODUCTION M USTARD gas was first discovered by Ritchie in 1854 and prepared for manufacture by Meyer in a 886. It was first used as a war gas by the Germans at Ypres in the spring of 1915. Five hundred deaths and 14,2.76 casualties resulted from this initial attack. By the end of the war, there was a total of 400,000 casualties from mustard gas poisoning. The clinical course of these victims...

INTRODUCTION M USTARD gas was first discovered by Ritchie in 1854 and prepared for manufacture by Meyer in a 886. It was first used as a war gas by the Germans at Ypres in the spring of 1915. Five hundred deaths and 14,2.76 casualties resulted from this initial attack. By the end of the war, there was a total of 400,000 casualties from mustard gas poisoning. The clinical course of these victims...

The photooxidation of a mustard-gas simulant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), is studied using a porphyrin-based metal-organic framework (MOF) catalyst. At room temperature and neutral pH value, singlet oxygen is generated by PCN-222/MOF-545 using an inexpensive and commercially available light-emitting diode. The singlet oxygen produced by PCN-222/MOF-545 selectively oxidizes CEES to the c...

Sulfur mustard is a vesicant agent with severe irritating effects on living tissues, including skin, mucous membranes, eyes, and the respiratory tract. The eyes are the most susceptible tissue to mustard gas effects, and varying degrees of ocular involvement are seen in 75% to 90% of exposed individuals. Most cases resolve uneventfully; however, a minority of exposed patients will have a contin...

The two major threat classes of chemical weapons are mustard gas and the nerve agents, and this has not changed in over 50 years. Both types are commonly called gases, but they are actually liquids that are not remarkably volatile. These agents were designed specifically to harm people by any route of exposure and to be effective at low doses. Mustard gas was used in World War I, and the nerve ...