Seringkali perempuan harus berjuang dalam menghadapi segala masalah kekerasan serta pelecehan. Kekerasan pada memang banyak terjadi di Indonesia sendiri maupun dunia. Perempuan seringkali dianggap lemah dan tidak berdaya. Bahwa entah secara sadar atau tidak, memposisikan posisi mereka lebih rendah daripada laki-laki. Sehingga kemudian menjadi sasaran yang empuk untuk ditindas. Hal ini lah umum ...

Sméagol (Gollum) is a single, 587 year old, hobbit-like male of no fixed abode. He has presented with antisocial behaviour, increasing aggression, and preoccupation with the “one ring.” Sméagol comes from a wealthy and influential family, his grandmother being a wise woman in the river folk community. Nothing is known about Sméagol’s birth or schooling. He was spiteful to others and had only on...

The handling of infanticide in late medieval France offers modern audiences an underappreciated paradox: on the one hand infant murder was deplored as grave sin and crime, other hand, it a pardonable offence, even infanticidal singlemother who had killed to conceal her could obtain royal grace. This is far more than usual story law differing from practice. Christian ideology mercy forgiveness f...

Aggressive behavior is thought to divide into two motivational elements: The first being a self-defensively motivated aggression against threat and a second, hedonically motivated "appetitive" aggression. Appetitive aggression is the less understood of the two, often only researched within abnormal psychology. Our approach is to understand it as a universal and adaptive response, and examine th...

On August 6, 2005, newspapers and other media outlets reported that Daryl Atkins had been determined by a Virginia jury not to be retarded and therefore was mentally competent to receive the death penalty. A judge immediately scheduled his execution for December. Atkins, of course, is the convicted murderer whose case three years earlier had led the U.S. Supreme Court, in a landmark ruling, to ...

We present a refinement of Anderson’s reduction of deontic logic to modal logic with only alethic modalities. The refined proposal contextualizes the Andersonian sanction constant s by replacing it with a unary sanction operator S that is dependent on the concrete normative requirement that is violated. A formula SB is then for instance interpreted as “B causes a sanction” or as “B provides a r...

More than 7% of all German physicians became members of the Nazi SS during World War II, compared with less than 1% of the general population. In so doing, these doctors willingly participated in genocide, something that should have been antithetical to the values of their chosen profession. The participation of physicians in torture and murder both before and after World War II is a disturbing...