The objective of this investigation was to evaluate pecan and almond shell-based granular activated carbon’s viability to effectively remove organic and inorganic pollutants in municipal wastewater compared to commercial carbons, Filtrasorb 200 (bituminous coal-based), and GRC-20, 206C AW (coconut shell-based). The solution to the objective was approached under three distinct phases, namely (I)...

Managing the water-energy-nutrient nexus for the built environment requires, in part, a full system analysis of energy consumption, global warming and eutrophication potentials of municipal water services. As an example, we evaluated the life cycle energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and aqueous nutrient releases of the whole anthropogenic municipal water cycle starting from raw water ex...

In scene of worrisome water shortage, municipal wastewater has been gradually accepted as an alternative water resource containing important nutrients for irrigation. Rice cul‐ tivation, which is one of the main crops feeding global population and requires plenty of water for its effective growth, has been often irrigated by municipal wastewater in many countries. While irrigation of municipal ...

BACKGROUND Environmental Health Indicators (EHIs) are the most important criteria for evaluation of efficiency and effectiveness of the activities of the health sector. The operations and situation of the health system can be analyzed through surveying the indicators and comparing them during different times. The present study aimed to study the EHIs of Tabriz, using the common environmental he...

The oxidation of leachate coming from the composting of two organic wastes (wastewater sludge and organic fraction of municipal solid wastes) using the Fenton's reagent was studied using different ratios [Fe(2+)]/[COD](0) and maintaining a ratio [H(2)O(2)]/[COD](0) equal to 1. The optimal conditions for Fenton reaction were found at a ratio [Fe(2+)]/[COD](0) equal to 0.1. Both leachates were si...

Category 2 animal by-products that need to be sterilized with steam pressure according Regulation (EC) 1774/2002 are studied. In this work, 2 sets of experiments were performed in mesophilic conditions: (i) biomethane potential determination testing 0.5%, 2.0% and 5.0% total solids (TS), using sludge from the anaerobic digester of a wastewater treatment plant as inoculum; (ii) biodegradability ...

Groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater presents a wide spectrum of technical and health challenges that must be carefully evaluated prior to undertaking a project. This review will provide a discussion of groundwater recharge and its management with special reference to health and regulatory aspects of groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater. At present, some ...

Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) are benzene ring based organic compounds and designed to be very stable in human metabolism. Hence, they pass through the municipal wastewater system and are frequently found in wastewater treatment plant effluent [1, 2] and the receiving surface waters [3, 4]. Due to poor microbiological degradation, solar UV irradiation is important as a possible degradati...

The use of microorganisms to clean up wastewater provides a cheaper alternative to the conventional treatment plant. The efficiency of this method can be improved by the choice of microorganism with the potential of removing contaminants. One such group is photosynthetic bacteria. Rhodobacter capsulatus is a purple non-sulfur bacterium (PNSB) found to be capable of different metabolic activitie...

The submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) is a promising technology for wastewater treatment and water reclamation. This paper provides an overview of wastewater treatment in a submerged membrane bioreactor process with a special focus on municipal wastewater systems. SMBRs predict more than 95% organic removal with relative short hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 1-8 h and NH3 removal of more...