Morphogenesis in the Drosophila retina initiates at the posterior margin of the eye imaginal disc by an unknown mechanism. Upon initiation, a wave of differentiation, its forward edge marked by the morphogenetic furrow (MF), proceeds anteriorly across the disc. Progression of the MF is driven by hedgehog (hh), expressed by differentiating photoreceptor cells. The TGF-beta homolog encoded by dec...

Multiquadric method is employed for solving the two dimensional depth-integrated water quality model and the eutrophication model in marine environments. The models simulate the spatial and temporal variations of nutrients in the Tolo Harbour of Hong Kong by taking considerations of the tidal current, wind stress, growth dynamics of phytoplankton and the transformation rate of nutrients. The ph...

Abstract In this paper, a new approach to improve univariate multiquadric operators is surveyed. The presented scheme is obtained by using Hermite interpolating polynomials where the function is approximated by generalized LB quasi-interpolation operator. Error analysis shows that the convergence rate depends on the shape parameter c. Thus, our operators could provide the desired smoothness and...

In standard equispaced finite difference (FD) formulas, symmetries can make the order of accuracy relatively high compared to the number of nodes in the FD stencil. With scattered nodes, such symmetries are no longer available. The generalization of compact FD formulas that we propose for scattered nodes and radial basis functions (RBFs) achieves the goal of still keeping the number of stencil ...

n∈Z |c(n)| 2 is a possible tool to compute or estimate this norm. In this note we give an expression for the Fourier coefficients c(n) of f+1, when f is a function defined as above. As an application, we derive an expression for Mf (s) := ∫ 1 0 (f(x)+1)x s−1 dx as a series that only depends on Mf (2k), k ∈ N. We remark that the Fourier coefficients c(n) depend on Mf (2k) which, for a function f...

Hippocampal mossy fibers (MFs) innervate CA3 targets via anatomically distinct presynaptic elements: MF boutons (MFBs) innervate pyramidal cells (PYRs), whereas filopodial extensions (Fils) of MFBs innervate st. lucidum interneurons (SLINs). Surprisingly, the same high-frequency stimulation (HFS) protocol induces presynaptically expressed LTP and LTD at PYR and SLIN inputs, respectively. This d...

increased the time to first asthma deterioration thus decreasing the proportion of subjects experiencing asthma deterioration during the study (MF/F 1⁄4 16.5%; versus MF 1⁄4 28.2% [P 1⁄4 0.006]; versus F 1⁄4 44.7% [P , 0.001]; and vs placebo 1⁄4 45.7% [P , 0.001]). Mean FEV1 AUC0–12h over baseline at week 12 were MF/F 1⁄4 4.00 L · h; MF 1⁄4 2.53 L · h; F 1⁄4 3.83 L · h; and placebo 1⁄4 1.11 L ·...