We discuss the nonabelian world-volume action which governs the dynamics of N coincident Dp-branes. In this theory, the branes’ transverse displacements are described by matrix-valued scalar fields, and so this is a natural physical framework for the appearance of noncommutative geometry. One example is the dielectric effect by which Dp-branes may be polarized into a noncommutative geometry by ...

This paper presents a novel incremental algorithm that combines Q-learning, a well-known dynamic programming-based reinforcement learning method, with the TD() return estimation process, which is typically used in actor-critic learning, another well-known dynamic programming-based reinforcement learning method. The parameter is used to distribute credit throughout sequences of actions, leading ...

The aim of this work is to estimate dense displacement fields over long video shots. Put in sequence they are useful for representing point trajectories but also for propagating (pulling) information from a reference frame to the rest of the video. Highly elaborated optical flow estimation algorithms are at hand, and they were applied before for dense point tracking by simple accumulation, howe...

This research aims to propose a new family of one-parameter multi-step iterative methods that combine the homotopy perturbation method with quadrature formula for solving nonlinear equations. The proposed are based on higher-order convergence scheme allows faster and more efficient compared existing methods. It also demonstrate efficiency index can reach up 43≈1.587 84≈1.681, respectively, indi...