Eleven onshore mud volcanoes in the southern region of Trinidad have been studied as analog habitats for possible microbial life on Mars. The profiles of the 11 mud volcanoes are presented in terms of their physical, chemical, mineralogical, and soil properties. The mud volcanoes sampled all emitted methane gas consistently at 3% volume. The average pH for the mud volcanic soil was 7.98. The av...

[1] Mud volcanoes sometimes respond to earthquakes, but the mechanisms by which earthquakes trigger changes in ongoing eruptions or initiate new eruptions are not completely understood. We measured gas discharge at a field of mud volcanoes near the Salton Sea, southern California, before and after the 4 April 2010 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake and observed an increase in gas flux immediately foll...

Coastal reclamation has been carried out along the coastal areas near Shenzhen, China in a large scale since 1980s by dumping fill materials over the marine mud at the sea bottom. Usually the area to be reclaimed is drained first and some of the mud is airdried for a few weeks before it is buried by fill. After reclamation, the terrestrial groundwater, which is relatively acidic and with high d...

Optimization of drilling fluid parameters such as mud weight, salt concentration, and temperature is essential to alleviate instability problems during drilling through shale sections. The selection of suitable mud parameters can benefit from analyses that consider significant instability processes involved in shale-drilling–fluid interactions. This paper describes the development of analytical...

Erosion and deposition of bottom sediments reflect a continual, dynamic adjustment between the fluid forces applied to a sediment bed and the condition of the bed itself. Erosion of fine and mixed sediment beds depends on their composition, their vertical structure, their disturbance/recovery history, and the biota that inhabit them. This paper presents a new onedimensional (1D), multi-layer se...

A genetic algorithm assisted minimum mean-square error (MMSE) multi-user detector (MUD) is proposed for a turbo-trellis-coded modulation-based space division multiple access aided orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system. The simulation results show that the system employing the concatenated MMSE-GA MUD was capable of achieving a similar performance to that attained by its optimum coun...

The flocculation of cohesive sediments represents a critical process in coastal sediment transport, with its appropriate representation numerical models crucial for the prediction contaminant morphodynamics and engineering problems. In this study, model considering effects multiple fractal dimensions is incorporated into two-phase modelling framework used to investigate spatio-temporal variatio...