Clonally expanded mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions accumulate with age in human substantia nigra (SN) and high levels cause respiratory chain deficiency. In other human tissues, mtDNA point mutations clonally expand with age. Here, the abundance of mtDNA point mutations within single SN neurons from aged controls was investigated. From 31 single cytochrome c oxidase normal SN neurons, only o...

The authors studied seven patients with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) myopathy. Over time, there was a progressive depletion of mtDNA, which preferentially affected wild-type mitochondrial genomes. This suggests that loss of wild-type mtDNA is a major feature of mtDNA myopathy, and preventing wild-type mtDNA depletion has treatment implications.

The accumulation of somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations is implicated in aging and common diseases of the elderly, including cancer and neurodegenerative disease. However, the mechanisms that influence the frequency of somatic mtDNA mutations are poorly understood. To develop a simple invertebrate model system to address this matter, we used the Random Mutation Capture (RMC) assay to ch...

Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations leads to alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis and function that might produce a decrease in mtDNA content within cells. This implies that mtDNA content might be a potential biomarker associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. However, data on correlates of mtDNA content in a general population are sparse. Our goal in the present stu...

Previous reports have demonstrated that the mtDNA of mouse common inbred strains (CIS) originated from a single female ancestor and that mtDNA mutations occurred during CIS establishment. This situation provides a unique opportunity to investigate the impact of individual mtDNA variations on complex traits in mammals. In this study, we compiled the complete mtDNA sequences of 52 mouse CIS. Phyl...

The single-stranded mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) displacement-loop initiation sequence (7S mtDNA) is hydrogen-bonded at the origin of replication in animal cell mtDNA. Analysis of 7S mtDNA from several cell sources indicates that this initiation sequence exists as a family of fragments of relatively discrete lengths. mtDNA from both mouse L cells and mouse liver has four major sizes of 7S mtDNA fr...

BACKGROUND Many mitochondrial pathologies are quantitative disorders related to tissue-specific deletion, depletion, or overreplication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We developed an assay for the determination of mtDNA copy number by real-time quantitative PCR for the molecular diagnosis of such alterations. METHODS To determine altered mtDNA copy number in muscle from nine patients with sing...

The decrease in the copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in cancer tissues might be associated with a decrease in oxidative mtDNA damage to achieve cancer immortalization and progression. Lung cancer specimens were collected from 29 patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection. The relative mtDNA copy number and the...

This paper deals with the hyperstructures called Hv-modules. The main tools concerning the class of Hv-modules with the ordinary modules are the fundamental relations. The fundamental relations in Hv -modules and fuzzy Hv-submodules are studied in this paper. In particular, the product structure of fuzzy sets on Hv-modules is studied.

before operation. Figure 2-Twelve months after operation. Figure 3-Sinogram two years after operation. Figure 4-After a Girdlestone operation. }RoYal Liverpool Hospital, Prescot Street. Liverpool L7 8XP. England. R. Johnson, M.Ch.Orth., F.R.C.S., F R C S Ed Senior Orthopaedic Registrar R. Owen, M.Ch.Orth., F.R.C.S., Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon K. L. Barnes, F.R.C.S., F.R.C.S.Ed., Consultant ...