In this paper we extend the familiar continuum electrostatic model with a perturbation to the usual macroscopic boundary condition. The perturbation is based on the mean spherical approximation (MSA), to derive a multiscale hydration-shell boundary condition (HSBC). We show that the HSBC/MSA model reproduces MSA predictions for Born ions in a variety of polar solvents, including both protic and...

This paper presents two new results for multiplevalued switch-level algebra (MSA for short). The first is the use of MSA to descaibe the bidirectional switching function of MOS transistors and, thereby, to analyze binary MOS bridge Circuits. The second is the use of MSA to describe the function of capacitors and, thereby, to analyze binary MOS dynamic circuits. The results presented in this pap...

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is an adult-onset sporadic progressive neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology. It is clinically characterized by the variable combination of autonomic failure, parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal signs. The present review summarizes up-to-date knowledge on the clinical diagnosis and molecular pathology of MSA. We also review the role of additiona...

Fig 2. A. ADC values of the middle cerebellar peduncle showed significant group differences (p<0.0001): MSA-c > MSA-p > PD = Normal. B. ADC values of the posterior putamen showed significant group differences (p<0.0001): MSA-p > MSA-c = PD = Normal. The MSA-mixed group (n=4) is not shown for the clarity. Error bar= 1 SD. C. SARA scores that assess the severity of cerebellar ataxia correlate sig...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the cardiac R-R interval variation (RRIV) is of value in differentiating patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) from multiple system atrophy (MSA). BACKGROUND RRIV assessment is a simple procedure, reflecting mainly vagal efferent activity. Reduced RRIV was reported in MSA. METHODS RRIV at rest and after 120 s of deep breathing was assessed blindly to clinic...

alpha-Synuclein is a major constituent of glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs), which are pathognomic for multiple system atrophy (MSA). We have previously demonstrated that in normal human brain, alpha-synuclein mRNA has a restricted pattern of neuronal expression and no apparent glial expression. The current study used double-label in situ hybridization to determine if alpha-synuclein mRNA is ...

Amajor problem with dialectal Arabic acoustic modeling is due to the very sparse available speech resources. In this paper, we have chosen Egyptian Colloquial Arabic (ECA) as a typical dialect. In order to benefit from existing Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) resources, a cross-lingual acoustic modeling approach is proposed that is based on supervised model adaptation. MSA acoustic models were ada...

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by parkinsonian symptoms and cerebellar symptoms. Sleep disturbances also play a crucial role in MSA. One of the most convincing animal models in MSA research is the PLP α-SYN model, but to date no studies on sleep disturbances in this mouse model, frequently found in MSA patients are available. We identified s...

MetaMorph is a novel application of multiple sequence alignment (MSA) to natural language morphology induction. Given a text corpus in any language, we sequentially align a subset of the words of the corpus to form an MSA using a probabilistic scoring scheme. We then segment the MSA to produce output analyses. We used this algorithm to compete in the 2009 Morpho Challenge. The F-measure of the ...

A hypervariable region (HVR) previously identified in the carboxy-terminal one-third of the Babesia bovis variable merozoite surface antigen family was more extensively analyzed in merozoite surface antigen 1 (MSA-1) from 16 strains and isolates. The MSA-1 HVR is proline rich and contains three semiconserved motifs nearly identical to those described for the related family member MSA-2. Two MSA...