2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), a glucose analog that transiently inhibits glycolysis, has anticonvulsant and antiepileptic disease-modifying properties in experimental in vivo models of seizures and epilepsy. Here we evaluated the effects of 2DG across the range of doses (50-500mg/kg i.p.) shown previously to exert anticonvulsant and antiepileptic effects in rats, on spatial learning and memory using...

nitric oxide (no) is thought to be involved in spatial learning and memory in several brain areas such as hippocampus. this study examined the effects of post-training intrahippocampal microinjections of 1400w as a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) inhibitor on spatial memory, in both anesthetized and non-anesthetized situations in rats. in the present work, 4-day training trials...

AIM To investigate the effect of antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) of noggin on rat spatial learning and memory. METHODS Expression of noggin mRNA was measured by in situ hybridization method and the ability to spatial learning and memory was tested with Morris water maze. RESULTS Compared with control rats, noggin mRNA positive neurons in dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 region of hippocampus we...

Brain injury often impairs a person’s ability to remember. To find new drugs that improve memory after brain injury, scientist must rely on experiments in animals such as rats. But how do you test the rats? One way is use pool of colored water, called Morris water maze. In this maze, rats have “remember” where go get out water. The more rat’s has improved, quicker it finds its (rats not like be...

The age-related decline of learning and memory is a common phenomenon in humans and animals, even though the underlying mechanism is not yet known. In the present study, we propose that synaptotagmin 1 (Syt 1) might be a synaptic protein involved in the loss of learning and memory with aging. To test this hypothesis, the age-related spatial cognitive ability of 36 P8 mice (15 mice aged 4 months...

sporadic alzheimer’s disease (sad) is affected by genetic risk factors, aging and oxidative stresses. the herbal extract of r. canina, t. vulgare and u. dioica has a beneficial role in aging, as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agent. we investigate the neuroprotective effects of this herbal extract in the rat model of sad.  the rats were divided into control, sham, model, herbal extract...

in recent years, the effects of exercise on nervous system, spatial memory andmotor function in the senescence period have received the attention of researchers.as the age increases, some functions of nervous system such as spatial memory areweakened. thus, the effect of aerobic exercises including swimming and runningon learning, spatial memory and motor function was investigated in old rats. ...

Although maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is a well-documented risk factor for a variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes, how prenatal cigarette smoke exposure affects postnatal neurobehavioral/cognitive development remains poorly defined. In order to investigate the cause of an altered behavioral phenotype, mice developmentally exposed to a paradigm of 'active' maternal cigarette smok...

1) The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the task-oriented training according to the application time with the change of motor and cognition function. Focal ischemic brain injury was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats (20 rats, 250±50 g) through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Before MCAo induction, all rats were trained in treadmill training and Morris water maze tr...