As there is a rapid growth both in the number of power consumers and also the limitations energy resources, it is clearly accepted that the old version of power grid must change into smart grid from head to toe. One of the most important advantages of smart grid which makes it much more exclusive rather than other typical systems is the two-way connectivity between the utility and the costumers...

objective: the aims of this study were to determine energy efficiency and co2 use pattern of grape production in zanjan province, iran by a non-parametric method of data envelopment analysis (dea). methods: initial data were collected using a face to face questionnaire from 42 orchards in abhar city of zanjan province which is one of the most important centers of grape production in iran. the d...

the steady state effect of vertical fins is assessed on a photovoltaic/thermal solar air heater having a double pass configuration in which fins are placed in the lower channel perpendicular to the direction ofair flow. air passes through the upper channel of the air heater and before passing in the opposite direction through the lower channel. the effects of design, climatic and operating para...

recent developments in hydrogen production by thermochemical water decomposition are reported,with an emphasis on hydrogen production from non-fossil energy sources such as nuclear and solar. numerousdevelopments have been made on sulphur-iodine, copper-chlorine and other thermochemicalcycles. efforts are described to lower the temperatures required in thermochemical cycles, so as to broadenthe...

the first and second laws of thermodynamics have been employed to evaluate energy and exergetic efficiency of the single effect absorption chiller which is used for air conditioning purpose. the performance analysis has been carried out by developing a computer program in ees and modeling the chiller and its components. to evaluate entropy of the water/lithium bromide solution at any point, an ...

Vibration energy harvesting with piezoelectric materials currently generate up to 300 microwatts per cm2, using it to be mooted as an appropriate method of energy harvesting for powering low-power electronics. One of the important problems in bimorph piezoelectric energy harvesting is the generation of the highest power with the lowest weight. In this paper the effect of the shape and geometry ...