Colonization of barley plants by the food-borne pathogens Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and three Listeria spp. (L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, L. innocua) was investigated in a monoxenic system. Herbaspirillum sp. N3 was used as a positive control and Escherichia coli HB101 as a negative control for endophytic root colonization. Colonization of the plants was tested 1-4 weeks after i...

Direct measurement of the carbon (C) 'cost' of mycorrhizas is problematic. Although estimates have been made for arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal symbioses, these are based on incomplete budgets or indirect measurements. Furthermore, the conventional model of unidirectional plant-to-fungus C flux is too simplistic. Net fungus-to-plant C transfer supports seedling establishment in c. 10% of plant ...

in this article, regarding threefold nature of iranian culture (iranian, islamic, western) and using descriptive- analytic method, it is investigated about ideas of  shariati, soroush amd rajai on iranian culture to use in fusional approach. shariati emphasized on recognizing awareness of islam with passion and action, the efficiency conscious from west instead of blind imitation, knowing tradi...

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this study aims to determine the relationship between organizational culture factors and employees’ group dynamics in general office of education in mazandaran province during 2013-2014. it is a descriptive-survey research. the statistical population consists of 273 employees working in general office of education in mazandaran province by whom 120 people are selected by stratified random sampl...

realization of the concept and idea of the formation of citizenship, requiring hospitalization, there is appropriate and that the underlying civil society as it is mentioned. citizenship culture and its key elements have been challenged through out the history of this concept by thinkers and the clear – sighted people who take interest in social problems and believe that civilization and prog...