We construct a canonical free resolution for arbitrary monomial modules and lattice ideals. This includes monomial ideals and defining ideals of toric varieties, and it generalizes our joint results with Irena Peeva for generic ideals [BPS],[PS]. Introduction Given a field k, we consider the Laurent polynomial ring T = k[x 1 , . . . , x ±1 n ] as a module over the polynomial ring S = k[x1, . . ...