T here is always uncertainty about the soundness of an economic model’s structure and parameters. Therefore, central banks normally face with uncertainty about the key economic explanatory relationships. So, policymaker should take into account the uncertainty in formulating monetary policies. The present study is aimed to examine robust optimal monetary policy under uncertainty, by ...

We present a mathematically precise formulation of total linkage disequilibrium between multiple loci as the deviation from probabilistic independence and provide explicit formulas for all higher-order terms of linkage disequilibrium, thereby combining J. Dausset et al.'s 1978 definition of linkage disequilibrium with H. Geiringer's 1944 approach. We recursively decompose higher-order linkage d...

How can we best attempt to ensure that national governments do not abuse the freedom generated by floating-exchange rates by engaging in beggar-thy-neighbor policies to overdepreciate their exchange rates or unduly retard the operation of the international adjustment process by maintaining an overvalued exchange rate? The major purpose of this paper is to develop a basis for choosing among the ...

background: prediction of the absorbed dose in irradiated volume plays an important role in the outcome of radiotherapy. application of small fields for radiotherapy of thorax makes the dose calculation process inaccurate due to the existence of electronic disequilibrium and intrinsic deficiencies in dose calculation algorithms. to study the lung absorbed dose in radiotherapy with small fields,...

This is a special conference for the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, and for me personally. The role of monetary aggregates in monetary policy was intensely controversial when I joined the staff of the Board of Governors in May 1969. I was immediately asked to join the staff of the newly formed FOMC Committee on the Directive. Governor Sherman Maisel chaired that committee; the other two member...

the history of monetary policy in iran, judging by their performance in keeping the value of the currency, maintaining a steady growth in the gross domestic product, faltering investment, show that monetary policy has not been a portrait of consistent successes, to say the least. as a result of the recent studies two rules have emerged as guideline for policy makers: taylor rule and mccallum ru...

HERE is a considerable literature on the occurrence of gametic disequilibrium T i n two locus system S. (See KIMURA 1956: LEWONTIN and KOJIMA 1960; KOJIMA and KELLEHER 1961; BODMER and PARSONS 1962; LEWONTIN 1964; KOJIMA 1965). A measure of gametic disequilibrium which has been frequently used is D > 0, coupling disequilibrium D = 0, gametic equilibrium D < 0, repulsion disequilibrium DLj = goo...

The ultimate goal of monetary policy is to achieve price stability and high output. In this regard, central banks usually change the interest rate, liquidity, and money base in order to apply monetary policies. The John B. Taylor rule is one of the rules known in the transmission of monetary policy.[1] Based on this rule and given the output gap and inflation gap, the central bank increases or ...

Reliable measures of the size and direction of changes in monetary policy are very crucial for examining the effects of monetary policy on the economy. Monetary Condition Index (MCI) can be used as a tool to assess the stance of monetary policy. This index is defined as the weighted average of different monetary transmission mechanism relative to their values in a base period. The weights in MC...