In 1999 a great multi-site clinical trial known as the randomised Aldactone evaluation study (RALES) showed that the use of spironolactone importantly reduced complications attributable to chronic heart failure without major negative side effects. Recently, RALES has been questioned by a large scale observational study in the Ontario population. In contrast with predictions, the complications a...

Our principal hypothesis is that reasoning and decision making are alike in that they both depend on the construction of mental models, and so they should both give rise to similar phenomena. In this paper, we consider one such phenomenon, which we refer to as "focussing": individuals are likely to restrict their thoughts to what is explicitly represented in their models. We show that focussing...

Nodus Tollens’ is the title of a dance art work that uses psychological approach Bipolar Disorder. The choreography composed to express idea affects one's mindset and emotions. Tollens' picture behavior, habits, character humans with bipolar who are transferred into gestures using contemporary techniques. This study describes process choreographing creation exploration body three episodes depre...

This paper challenges the widely accepted claim that "classical" cognitive architectures can explain the systematicity of cognition (Fodor & Pylyshyn, 1988). There are plausible ways of rendering more precise the systematicity hypothesis (as standardly formulated) in which it is entailed by classical architectures, and other plausible ways in which it is not. Therefore, it is not a determinate ...

The Argument from the Poverty of the Stimulus (APS) still dominates a substantial part of the research in theoretical linguistics. While in generative approaches, the APS provides the foundation of the innateness hypothesis; in other paradigms (usage-based, interactionist, cognitivist) the argument is central because it is argued against it. Poverty of the stimulus arguments are indeed theoreti...

Abstract The Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) is currently one of the most widely used frameworks in policy process research. It explains how agenda develops with emphasis on adoption. This article examines MSF from perspective history science and Lakatos’ methodology scientific research programs. In this respect, we consider a “semi-strong theory” that uses form subsumption under theory for ex...

Few sociologists dissent from the notion that the mid- to late 1970s witnessed a shift in capitalism's modus operandi. Its association with a rapid increase of social and material inequality is beyond dispute. This article opens with a brief summation of contemporary British trends in economic inequalities, and finds an echo of these trends in health inequalities. It is suggested that the socio...

Byrne (1989) claims to have demonstrated that context can suppress valid inferences like modus ponens. If substantiated, the claim would refute the idea that valid inferences cannot be countermanded without contradiction, although implicatures and invited inferences can be (e.g., Braine & Rumain, 1981; Geis & Zwicky, 1971; Grice, 1975). That, in turn, would invalidate one of the few available m...

A mild, facile one-step synthetic strategy for the preparation of size- and shape-controlled silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is presented. The high degree of size- and shape-control of these AgNPs is achieved by the use of triazole sugar ligands scaffolded by a central resorcinol ether core. Both the triazoles and the resorcinol ether core mediate the nucleation, growth, and passivation phases of ...