Closed model categories are a general framework introduced by Quillen [15] in which one can do homotopy theory. An alternative framework has been developed by Baues [2]. Putting a closed model structure on a category not only allows one to use techniques of homotopy theory to study it but also allows one to better understand the category through the concepts and constructions that come with the...

hemoglobin is a tetrameric oxygen transport protein in animal bodies. however, there is a paucity of information regarding differences between alpha and beta subunits of hemoglobin in terms of oxygen affinity. the sequential model of koshland, nemthy and filmer (knf model) has attributed similar affinities to both alpha and beta subunits. the main purpose of the present study is to construct a ...

We introduce a notion of a ltered model structure and use this notion to produce various model structures on pro-categories. This framework generalizes the examples of [13], [15], and [16]. We give several examples, including a homotopy theory for G-spaces, where G is a pronite group. The class of weak equivalences is an approximation to the class of underlying weak

We extend Schwede’s work on the unstable global homotopy theory of orthogonal spaces and L-spaces to the category of ∗-modules (i.e., unstable S-modules). We prove a theorem which transports model structures and their properties from L-spaces to ∗-modules and show that the resulting global model structure for ∗-modules is monoidally Quillen equivalent to that of orthogonal spaces. As a conseque...

The modal split model is one of the steps of the classical four-step travel demand planning. Predictive, descriptive, and prescriptive modal split models are essential to make a balance between travel demand and supply. To calibrate these models, it is necessary to detect and employ influential independent variables that are related to characteristics of travel modes, individual and family attr...

By now it is well known that there are two useful (objectwise or local) families of model structures on presheaves: the injective and projective. In fact, there is at least one more: the flasque. For some purposes, both the projective and the injective structure run into technical and annoying (but surmountable) difficulties for different reasons. The flasque model structure, which possesses a ...

We present an algorithm for checking CTL formulas in Kripke structures with side conditions, where the side conditions define new variables in terms of path formulas. Given any CTL formula where the defined variables may occur, the presented algorithm will determine the set of states where the CTL∗ formula holds that is obtained by replacing each new variable defined by a side condition by its ...

 In recent years, high-rise construction has been rising. A big challenge for engineers and executives in the construction of these structures is the stability of the structures against earthquakes. And this requires the development of appropriate arrangements for structures under lateral system and are braced system. And this requires the development of appropriate arrangements for structures ...