Gradable Epistemic Modals (GEMs) such as certain or likely have been analyzed to the semantics of gradable adjectives, which constrain their epistemic modality. This squib analyzes modal use sentential particle qad in Standard Arabic has following puzzling behavior: gives rise certainty/likelihood modality meaning only when it is composed with tense expression its propositional complement. Moda...

this study aims to investigate the semantic and syntactic features of verbs used in the introduction section of applied linguistics research articles published in iranian and international journals. a corpus of 20 research article introductions (10 from each journal) was used. the corpus was analysed for the syntactic features (tense, aspect and voice) and semantic meaning of verbs. the finding...

Thanks are due to the Institute of the Czech National Corpus and to the Institute of Computer Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences which kindly provided the data source for this paper. I also wish to thank Denisa Lenertová and the audiences of the Potsdam Workshop on Heterogenity in Linguistic Databases and of the 13th JungslavistInnen-Treffen for discussion, and the editors for their frie...

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of deductive instruction of grammar with input enhancement and without using input enhancement. It also explored the effectiveness of inductive instruction of grammar with input enhancement and without input enhancement among Iranian EFL learners. The participants were female intermediate-level students who were studying English a...

Neuropsychological impairments of English past tense processing inform a key debate in cognitive neuroscience concerning the nature of mental mechanisms. Dual-route accounts claim that regular past tense comprehension deficits reflect a specific impairment of morphological decomposition (e.g., jump + ed), disrupting the automatic comprehension of word meaning accessed via the verb stem (e.g., j...

In this paper, a representation formalism based on actions and hierarchical plans is proposed to model the aspectual and temporal composition of sentences. Action verbs are interpreted as (possibly un-derspeciied) instances of action schemata that include a plan body; the interpretation process is carried out in an incremental way: the other linguistic elements, like tense and adverbs, are eval...

This paper presents results for a maximumentropy-based part of speech tagger, which achieves superior performance principally by enriching the information sources used for tagging. In particular, we get improved results by incorporating these features: (i) more extensive treatment of capitalization for unknown words; (ii) features for the disambiguation of the tense forms of verbs; (iii) featur...

Tawang Monpa, also known as Dakpa, is an East Bodish language spoken in Arunachal Pradesh India, and Trashigang Bhutan. This article a brief description of the main grammatical features language. In section about nouns noun phrase use case markers topic marker will be discussed detail, addition to other related phrase. verbs verb negation various adverbial suffixes well set tense, aspect, modal...

This paper promotes the hypothesis that central grammatical categories must be analysed as pragmatic rather than semantic entities, in order to explain their seemingly redundant typological distribution. A case is made of the relatively complex English past tense system versus the single Russian past tense, and it is shown how the distinctions within the former system can be analysed in terms o...

Compositionality is a critical and universal characteristic of human language. It is found at numerous levels, including the combination of morphemes into words and of words into phrases and sentences. These compositional patterns can generally be characterized by rules. For example, the past tense of most English verbs ("regulars") is formed by adding an -ed suffix. However, many complex lingu...