Inoculating grape musts with wine yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) concurrently in order to induce simultaneous alcoholic fermentation (AF) and malolactic fermentation (MLF) can be an efficient alternative to overcome potential inhibition of LAB in wines because of high ethanol concentrations and reduced nutrient content. In this study, the simultaneous inoculation of yeast and LAB into mus...

The aim of the study was to analyze interactions between neuronal networks mediating centrally initiated movements and reflex reactions evoked by peripheral afferents; specifically whether interneurons in pathways from group Ib afferents and from group II muscle afferents mediate actions of reticulospinal neurons on spinal motoneurons via contralaterally located commissural interneurons. To thi...

The aims of the study were twofold: (1) to verify the hypothesis that neurons in the fastigial nucleus excite and inhibit hindlimb alpha-motoneurons and (2) to determine both the supraspinal and spinal relays of these actions. Axons of fastigial neurons were stimulated at the level of their decussation in the cerebellum, within the hook bundle of Russell, in deeply anesthetized cats with only t...

The brainstem vestibulo-oculomotor pathways are not yet fully known. Three different excitatory tracts could be involved in the transmission of upward vestibular eye movement (VEM) signals and upward eye position (EP) signals to the oculomotor nucleus (III): the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), the brachium conjunctivum (BC), and the crossing ventral tegmental tract (CVTT). The involvement...

Compiling Bayesian networks (BNs) is one of the hot topics in the area of probabilistic modeling and processing. In this paper, we propose a new method of compiling BNs into multi-linear functions (MLFs) based on Zero-suppressed BDDs (ZBDDs), which are the graph-based representation of combinatorial item sets. Our method is different from the original approach of Darwiche et. al which encodes B...

Lymphatic fluid is a plasma filtrate that can be viewed as having biological activity through the passive accumulation of molecules from the interstitial fluid. The possibility that lymphatic fluid is part of an active self-contained signaling process that parallels the endocrine system, through the activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), has remained unexplored. We show that the GPCR...

An Adaptive Resonance Theory Based Artificial Neural Network (ART-2a) has been compared with Multilayer Feedforward Backpropagation of Error Neural Networks (MLF-BP) and with the SIMCA classifier. All three classifiers were applied to achieve rapid sorting of post-consumer plastics by remote near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. A new semiconductor diode array detector based on InGaAs technology ha...

Logic-based answer extraction techniques present a solution to retrieve and mark those exact passages in a document that directly answer a natural language query. In contrast to pure information retrieval techniques that treat content words as isolated terms, answer extraction techniques exploit syntactic information in a document to a certain degree and consider semantic relations between func...

The earliest step in establishing the complex neuronal networks in the vertebrate brain is the formation of a scaffold of axon tracts. How the formation of the early axon scaffold is controlled at the molecular level is unclear. Forming part of the scaffold, neurons located at the ventral midbrain-forebrain border (MFB) give rise to the medial longitudinal fascicle (mlf) and the posterior commi...