Salinity gradient energy (SGE) refers to the energy created from the difference in salt concentration between two streams. There are three types of SGE namely, pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), reverse electrodialysis (RED), and capacitive mixing (CapMix). All these technologies require membrane for the system to be operational. In this short review, the membranes modifications for each principl...

Fermion masses and mixing angles are studied in an SUSY SO(10) × ∆(48) × U (1) model with small tan β. Thirteen parameters involving masses and mixing angles in the quark and charged lepton sector are successfully predicted by a single Yukawa coupling and three ratios of VEVs caused by necessary symmetry breaking. Ten relations among the low energy parameters have been found with four of them f...

We study four-wave mixing between pulses in two subchannels of a quasi-linear 40-Gbit/s subchannel-multiplexed system. For a pseudorandom bit string there are resonances in the mean of the ghost pulse energy and in the jitter of the energy in the marks as functions of the subchannel frequency spacing. However, away from these resonances the effect of four-wave mixing decreases as the subchannel...

On the basis of present solar neutrino observations and relaxing the constraints from solar models it is possible that most (or nearly all) of the flux of electron neutrinos detected comes from electron capture in Be. These solutions arise from neutrino oscillations in which νe − ντ mixing suppresses high energy νe and νe − νμ mixing suppresses low energy νe as qualitatively suggested from some...

A generating equation for the mixing rules of interatomic potential energy parameters is proposed. It is demonstrated that this equation can, indeed, reproduce many popular mixing rules. A weighting matrix is used with the generating equation. This weighting matrix approach is superior to the present status of mixing rule development. A systematic framework is given for devising new mixing rule...

We present a degenerate perturbation analysis in the spin–orbit coupled basis for Rydberg atoms in an optical trap. The perturbation matrix is found to be nearly the same for two states with the same total angular momentum j, and orbital angular momentum number l differing by 1, The same perturbation matrices result in the same state-mixing and energy shift. We also study the dependence of stat...

The recent experimental measurements of the solar neutrino mixing angle θsol and the Cabibbo mixing angle θC reveal a surprising relation, θsol + θC ≃ 4 . We review that while this empirical relation has been interpreted as a support of the idea of grand unification, it may be merely accidental in the sense that reproducing the relation at a low energy in the framework of grand unification may ...