BACKGROUND/AIMS Available data about reflux patterns and symptom determinants in the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) subtypes off proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy are lacking. We aimed to evaluate reflux patterns and determinants of symptom perception in patients with GERD off PPI therapy by impedance-pH monitoring. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the impedance-pH data in patien...

The synthesis of complex distillation columns has remained a major challenge since the pioneering work by [Sargent, R.W.H., & Gaminibandara, K. (1976). Optimal design of plate distillation columns. In L.C.W. Dixon (Ed.), Optimization in action. New York: Academic Press]. In this paper, we first provide a review of recent work for the optimal design of distillation of individual columns using tr...

abstract: in this paper, an exergy analysis approach is proposed for optimal design of distillation column by using simulated annealing algorithm. first, the simulation of a distillation column was performed by using the shortcut results and irreversibility in each tray was obtained. the area beneath the exergy loss profile was used as irreversibility index in the whole column. then, first opti...

As recently recognized, distillation columns, operating with reflux and boilup as independent inputs, may have multiple steady-state solutions, even in the ideal binary case. Two fundamentally different sources may cause the multiplicity, and in both cases some operating points are found to be unstable. This article provides evidence for the instability and discusses the effect of operating con...

Bioethanol is among the most promising of biofuels because it has an energy content similar to gasoline while generating lower pollutant emissions than gasoline. But, in order to be used as an automotive fuel mixed with gasoline, ethanol must have less than 0.5 wt % of water. To achieve required ethanol purity, in light of the fact that the ethanol water mixture forms an azeotrope, unconvention...

BACKGROUND The role of acid and pepsin in causing symptoms and oesophagitis is well established; however, the significance of duodenogastro-oesophageal reflux (DGOR) in this disorder is unclear. AIMS To understand the role of acid and DGOR in causing upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and oesophageal mucosal injury in partial gastrectomy (PG) patients. METHODS Thirty two PG patients with ...

Background—The role of acid and pepsin in causing symptoms and oesophagitis is well established; however, the significance of duodenogastro-oesophageal reflux (DGOR) in this disorder is unclear. Aims—To understand the role of acid and DGOR in causing upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and oesophageal mucosal injury in partial gastrectomy (PG) patients. Methods—Thirty two PG patients with uppe...