Repair of mitral valve (MV) leaflet prolapse using chordal replacement is an established procedure in open heart surgery for the treatment of mitral regurgitation (MR). The technique has proven high reproducibility and excellent longterm outcomes for posterior leaflet prolaspe, with freedom from valve-related reoperation of 95%.1,2 Striving toward a lessinvasive treatment for structural heart d...

Real-time, phased-array, two-dimensional echocardiographic studies identified ruptured chordae tendineae in five patients: four patients had a flail mitral valve and one had flail mitral and tricuspid valves. The characteristic abnormality was a rapid systolic motion of the involved leaflet beyond the line of valve closure into the atrium. The maximal abnormal systolic motion was greatest at th...

A better understanding of the factors involved in ensuring competence of the mitral valve based on knowledge of the function of the leaflets, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles has expanded the clinical range of systolic mitral regurgitation. For all this, diastolic mitral regurgitation remains a curiosity. Late diastolic mitral regurgitation has been described together with reversal of t...

This review deals with the functional anatomy of the six components of the mitral apparatus, namely, the left atrial wall, annulus, leaflets, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, and left ventricular wall. Each component is considered individually, in the context of the apparatus as a whole, in relation to the mode of closure of the normal mitral valve, and in the light of many acquired and co...

Mitral valve repair is considered the procedure of choice for correcting mitral regurgitation in myxomatous disease, providing long-term results that are superior to those with valve replacement. The use of artificial chordae to replace elongated or ruptured chordae responsible for mitral valve prolapse and severe mitral regurgitation has been the subject of extensive experimental work to defin...

The papillary fibroelastoma (PFE) is a rare and benign primary cardiac tumor, and the most frequently found tumor occurring in the cardiac valves. With the introduction of echocardiography, the diagnosis of these tumors in living patients has been reported sporadically. The PFEs have been found most often on valve leaflets, chordae tendineae, and both ventricles. We describe an interesting case...

To better understand the association between mitral regurgitation and secundum atrial septal defect and to clarify the evaluation and management of these patients, the records of 235 adult patients with atrial septal defect were reviewed. Ten patients (4 percent) had significant mitral regurgitation defined by clinical, hemodynamic and angiographic criteria. Three patients required mitral valve...

Repair of the mitral valve is the treatment of choice for mitral valve regurgitation when the anatomy is favorable. It is well known that mitral valve repair enjoys better clinical and functional results than any other type of valve substitute. This fact is beyond doubt regardless of the etiology of the valve lesion and is of particular importance in degenerative diseases.This review analyzes t...

The surgical repair of degenerative mitral valve disease involves a number of technical points of importance. The use of artificial chordae for the repair of degenerative disease has increased as a part of the move from mitral valve replacement to repair of the mitral valve. The use of artificial chordae provides an alternative to the techniques pioneered by Carpentier (including the quadrangul...

In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), rupture of mitral chordae tendineae is infrequent and causes acute haemodynamic deterioration. A 38 year old male patient had chordae rupture leading to prolapse of both mitral leaflets and severe regurgitation, without change in symptomatic status. One year before, he had had mild mitral regurgitation and a resting left ventricle outflow tract of 105 mm Hg...