We show that mitochondrial respiration is temporarily impaired after a period of intensified exercise training in elite athletes. In parallel, proteins involved the antioxidative response including SOD2, UCP3, and ANT2 were upregulated, whereas biogenesis was slightly activated. Despite respiratory impairments, physical performance improved few days intense period.

In the adult heart, regulation of fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial genes is controlled by the PPARgamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family of transcriptional coactivators. However, in response to pathological stressors such as hemodynamic load or ischemia, cardiac myocytes downregulate PGC-1 activity and fatty acid oxidation genes in preference for glucose metabolism pathways. Interestingly, de...

OBJECTIVE Cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor is involved in whole-body and cellular energy metabolism. We asked whether CB1 receptor stimulation was able to decrease mitochondrial biogenesis in different metabolically active tissues of obese high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The effects of selective CB1 agonist arachidonyl-2-chloroethanolamide (ACEA) and endocannabinoid...

Silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1)-mediated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) deacetylation is potentially key for activating mitochondrial biogenesis. Yet, at the whole muscle level, SIRT1 is not associated with mitochondrial biogenesis (Gurd, BJ, Yoshida Y, Lally J, Holloway GP, Bonen A. J Physiol 587: 1817-1828, 2009). Therefor...

Leucine zipper/EF hand-containing transmembrane-1 (LETM1) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that was first identified in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, and was deleted in nearly all patients with the syndrome. LETM1 encodes for the human homologue of yeast Mdm38p, which is a mitochondria-shaping protein of unclear function. Here, we describe LETM1-mediated regulation of mitochondrial ATP pro...

All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is the active metabolite of vitamin A. The liver is the main storage organ of vitamin A, but activation of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) in mouse liver and in human liver cell lines has also been shown. AlthoughatRA treatment improves mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle in rodents, its role in modulating mitochondrial function in the liver is controvers...

Mitochondrial biogenesis is a critical adaptation to chronic energy deprivation, yet the signaling mechanisms responsible for this response are poorly understood. To examine the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an evolutionarily conserved fuel sensor, in mitochondrial biogenesis we studied transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative mutant of AMPK in muscle (DN-AMPK). Both DN-AMP...

Activation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) exerted cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the mechanisms underlying its are not fully understood. We investigated effects hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), condition that mimics an in vivo I/R, presence and absence AChRs agonists cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells. The cells (104 cells/well) were incubated hypoxic chamber with i...

f iversity of Ma as s ssac ac a hu hu huse se sett tt tts s s 2 The dawn of mitochondrially powered cells began 1-2 billion years ago when an amitochonriate host subsumed Į-Proteobacterium, a hydrogen-producing symbiont 1. Equipped to oxidize nutrients, eurkaryotic cells acquired a 'boost' to cellular energy, enabling the emergence of multi-cellular mammals, sustained by a nearly inexhaustible ...

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), the most common recessive inherited ataxia, results from deficiency of frataxin, a small mitochondrial protein crucial for iron-sulphur cluster formation and ATP production. Frataxin deficiency is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in FRDA patients and animal models; however, early mitochondrial pathology in FRDA cerebellum remains elusive. Using frataxin knocki...