Existing standard treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis are less than optimal. We report here the use of oral miltefosine in the treatment of two paediatric cases of visceral leishmaniasis at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. One patient came from Balochistan while the second patient was from Northern Pakistan. Both presented with a prolonged history of fever, massive hepato...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the in vitro activity of antileishmanial drugs, paromomycin and miltefosine, to generate Th-1-biased immunomodulation in hosts against intracellular Leishmania donovani. METHODS In silico protein-ligand interaction and in vitro drug-cell interaction assays were performed. Interaction assays of TLR4-deficient HEK293 cells and HEK293 cells engineered to express either TLR...

BACKGROUND AmBisome therapy for VL has an excellent efficacy and safety profile and has been adopted as a first-line regimen in Bangladesh. Second-line treatment options are limited and should preferably be given in short course combinations in order to prevent the development of resistant strains. Combination regimens including AmBisome, paromomycin and miltefosine have proved to be safe and e...

The in-vitro activities of four anticancer alkyllysophospholipids, ET-18-OCH3 (edelfosine), hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine), ilmofosine and SRI 62-834, were determined with ED50 values for Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes between 0.2 and 5.0 microM and for Trypanosoma brucei trypomastigotes between 7.0 and 50.8 microM. In BALB/c mice miltefosine and ilmofosine were th...

a spotted fever group Rickettsia, from ticks (Ixodes ricinus) collected in a European city park. al. Real-time multiplex PCR assay for detection and differentiation of rickett-siae and orientiae. PE. Genetic differentiation of Chinese isolates of Rickettsia sibirica by partial ompA gene sequencing and multispacer typing. A. Ticks infesting domestic animals in Italy: current acarological studies...

BACKGROUND Improved treatment approaches are needed for visceral leishmaniasis. We assessed the efficacy and safety of three potential short-course combination treatments compared with the standard monotherapy in India. METHODS Standard treatment (1 mg/kg amphotericin B infusion on alternate days for 30 days, total dose 15 mg/kg) was compared with three drug combinations (single injection of ...

Leishmaniasis is a disease that is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, which is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. Clinical forms of leishmaniasis are particularly diverse representing a complex of diseases. We present a case of lingual Leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent man. The lesions were caused by Leishmania donovani/infantum species. The patient responded excellently to...

Although civilian physicians in the United States seldom encounter patients with leishmaniasis, therapeutic advances in endemic regions have opened the door to approaches that can be applied in this country. Advances revolve around the use of oral miltefosine in all forms of leishmaniasis and the use of short-course intravenous liposomal amphotericin B in visceral and possibly cutaneous infecti...

BACKGROUND Treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in East Africa are far from satisfactory due to cost, toxicity, prolonged treatment duration or emergence of parasite resistance. Hence there is a need to explore alternative treatment protocols such as miltefosine alone or in combinations including miltefosine, sodium stibogluconate (SSG) or liposomal amphotericin B. The aim of this ...