We recently described a protocol for determination of retrovirus mutation rates, that is, the mutation frequency in a single cycle of retrovirus replication (J.P. Dougherty and H.M. Temin, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:4378-4395, 1987; J.P. Dougherty and H.M. Temin, p. 18-23, in J. H. Miller and M. P. Calos, ed., Gene Transfer Vectors for Mammalian Cells, 1987). We used this protocol to determine the muta...

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum intake valve closing time of a large diesel engine having lower fuel consumption and lower NOx emission. The performance simulation has been conducted for this purpose, and a phenomenological combustion model is verified by experimental data of heat release rate and NOx emission in order to enhance the prediction quality of the performance s...