AcrR, the toxic-compounds-response regulator, regulates motility in microorganisms, presumably to escape from toxic environments. In this study, the genome-wide target genes of AcrR were investigated in a ΔacrR mutant strain by microarray analysis. In the absence of AcrR, the transcription of most flagella/motility genes was highly increased. In addition, flagella formation was increased in thi...

Between 10 May and 20 June 2005, Sydney West Centre for Population Health (SWCPH) was notified of 29 cases of cryptosporidiosis. SWCPH staff interviewed these cases about their potential sources of exposure to infection and found that 11 (38 per cent) swam at the same indoor heated public pool. The onset of illness in these 11 cases ranged from late April to early June. Nine of these cases were...

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 8-weeks of training on active drag in young swimmers of both genders. Eight girls and twelve boys' belonging to the same swimming team and with regular competitive participation in national and regional events for the previous two seasons participated in this study. Active drag measurements were conducted in two different evaluation moments: at...

For animals inhabiting multiple environments, the ability to select appropriate behaviors is crucial as their adaptability is often context dependent. Caenorhabditis elegans uses distinct gaits to move on land and in water. Gait transitions can potentially coordinate behaviors associated with distinct environments. We investigated whether land and water differentially affect the behavioral repe...

food anticipatory activity (faa) was assessed in rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss ) in two small raceways using demand-feeding (t2) and hand-feeding (t2). the fish of both raceways were subjected to restricted feeding (rf) at two times in two places and the fish distribution and/or trigger actuation, total agonistic behaviour between fish, and swimming speed were measured. food anticipatory ...

The present study was intended to identify the effect of a CAI web site for swimming to elementary school children’s learning motives and learning strategy. Fifth-grade children participated in this study. Subjects were classified into two groups that learned with the CAI web site throughout the swimming class and a control group that merely participated in the ordinary swimming class inside th...

The objective of this article is to perform a numerical modeling on the flow dynamics around a competitive female swimmer during the underwater swimming phase for a velocity of 2.2 m/s corresponding to national swimming levels. Flow around the swimmer is assumed turbulent and simulated with a computational fluid dynamics method based on a volume control approach. The 3D numerical simulations ha...

To assess knowledge, risk perception and behaviours of a sample of swimming pool users in Palermo. A total of 498 subjects were interviewed by self-administered anonymous questionnaire including socio-demographic questions, knowledge/risk perception and behaviours. Overall, 289 subjects (58%) had a mean of 1.9 ± 1.2 healthy behaviours. Age older than 30 years (OR=0.46; 95% CI=0.26-0.81), female...

The aim of this study was to examine whether the intracyclic velocity variation (IVV) was lower in elite swimmers than in beginner swimmers at various velocities, and whether differences may be related to arm coordination. Seven elite and nine beginner male swimmers swam front crawl at four different swimming velocities (maximal velocity, 75%, 85%, and 95% of maximal swimming velocity). The ind...