BACKGROUND The use of a microwave synthesis reactor has allowed kinetic data for the hydrothermal reactions of straw biomass to be established from short times, avoiding corrections required for slow heating in conventional reactors, or two-step heating. Access to realistic kinetic data is important for predictions of optimal reaction conditions for the pretreatment of biomass for bioethanol pr...

in the past decades, many methods have been developed to synthesize zero- dimensional  nanoparticles, quasi–one–dimensional (1d) cuo nanostructures, such as metal organic deposition technique,  microwave irradiation, sol-gel-like dip  technique, reverse micelle-assisted route, chemical method, and simple template free solution route. among those synthesis methods, hydrothermal and chemical reac...

Carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions have been a known threat globally. One of the significant contributors to this issue is coal usage in power generation industry. Hydro-thermal carbonization (HTC) considered one alternative methods for producing hydrochar replace coal. Moreover, application microwave heating HTC process demand due its advantageous characteristics such as rapid selecti...