Lignocellulosic biomass and waste, such as plastics, represent an abundant resource today, they can be converted thermo-chemically into energy in a refinery. Existing research works on catalytic non-catalytic pyrolysis performed thermally-heated reactors have been reviewed this text, along with those microwave-heated ones. Thermally-heated reactors, albeit being the most commonly used, present ...

This study reevaluates the putative advantages of microwave-assisted tryptic digests compared to conventionally heated protocols performed at the same temperature. An initial investigation of enzyme stability in a temperature range of 37-80 °C demonstrated that trypsin activity declines sharply at temperatures above 60 °C, regardless if microwave dielectric heating or conventional heating is em...

A rapid sample-digestion method for the determination of toxic metals, cadmium, chromium, and lead, in polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride has been developed by using a microwave oven for household use. An appropriate amount of the sample taken in a PTFE decomposition vessel was mixed with nitric acid or nitric and sulfuric acids. The vessel was heated in a microwave oven by a predetermined ope...

PURPOSE To develop a novel endovascular heating source using a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging guidewire (MRIG) to deliver controlled microwave energy into the target vessel for thermal enhancement of vascular gene transfection. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 0.032-inch MRIG was connected to a 2.45-GHz microwave generator. We 1) calculated the microwave power loss along the MRIG, 2) simulated the po...

An online nonenzymatic digestion method utilizing a microwave-heated flow cell and mild acid hydrolysis at aspartic acid (D) for rapid protein identification is described. This methodology, here termed microwave D-cleavage, was tested with proteins ranging in size from 5 kDa (insulin) to 67 kDa (bovine serum albumin) and a bacterial cell lysate ( Escherichia coli). A microwave flow cell consist...

Whilst microwave heating has been widely demonstrated as a synthetically useful tool for rapid reaction screening, a microwave-absorbing solvent is often required in order to achieve efficient reactant heating. In comparison, microreactors can be readily heated and pressurised in order to "super-heat" the reaction mixture, meaning that microwave-transparent solvents can also be employed. To dem...

Through the microwave assisted fast synthesis method, Zinc Magnesium Oxide nanocomposite was prepared. Zinc Magnesium Oxide nanocomposite heated at 500oC was used for further structural, optical and antibacterial studies. The Debye Scherrer equation was used to calculate the average particle size of the nanocomposite. The optical characterization of the oxide nanocomposite was carried out by UV...

Microwave irradiation focused on the head of small rodents is now widely used as a means of more accurately measuring acetylcholine, choline, cyclic AMP, and several other important brain constituents. Because of its probable neurotransmitter role and rapid turnover, a similar approach was taken to study brain histamine. Histamine was measured by a modified radio-enzymatic method and was found ...