background: the study aim was to reports detailed characteristics of nutrition research in field of diabetes, and recognize knowledge gap in nutrition science in diabetes in iran. methods: online databases of pubmed, web of science and scopus as well as national databases including sid, iranmedex, and magiran were searched up to 2015 to identify eligible articles. finally, 378 articles were inc...

conventional treatment for primary dysmenorrhoea has a failure rate of 20% to 25% and may be contraindicated or not tolerated by some women. herbal medicine may be a suitable alternative. the objective of the manuscript, is determine the efficacy and safety of some iranian herbal medicine for primary dysmenorrhea when compared with placebo, no treatment, and other treatment. for this target ele...

Highly publicized cases of fabrication or falsification of data in clinical trials have occurred in recent years and it is likely that there are additional undetected or unreported cases. We review the available evidence on the incidence of data fraud in clinical trials, describe several prominent cases, present information on motivation and contributing factors and discuss cost-effective ways ...

This paper describes many of the challenges encountered when establishing a large multicentre trial in cardiac anesthesia. We address funding, authorship, multisite ethics review, patient recruitment, data quality management, communication with individual sites, and strategies to enhance cooperation and patient recruitment.

Critical appraisal is an element of evidence-based medicine, which is defined as the process of carefully and systematically examining a research article to determine its reliability, validity and value in clinical practice. The major components evaluated in critical appraisal are validity, importancy, and applicability. The level of reliability of study results depend on the design of study, i...

The randomized clinical trial is the preferred research design for evaluating competing diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives, but confidence in the conclusions from a randomized clinical trial depends on the authors' attention to acknowledged methodologic and statistical standards. This survey assessed the level of attention to the problem of multiple comparisons in the analyses of contempor...

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based medicine demands the use of information from clinical trials to direct medical care. Knowledge of the principles of trial design and conduct is important to assess the validity of results. METHODS: The authors review the key principles behind clinical study design and conduct, and they summarize important biases and confounding issues. RESULTS: Clear hypotheses, a wel...

Microplot and small field-plot experiments were conducted to determine the effects of Pratylenchus penetrans on strawberry yield over several seasons and to evaluate the effects of nematode control on strawberry vigor and yield. Pratylenchus penetrans alone or in combination with the black root rot pathogen, Rhizoctonia fragariae, reduced strawberry yield in microplots over time. There were no ...