Central to Vygotsky-inspired sociocultural theory (SCT) is the notion of ZPD seen by SLA researchers as a useful framework within which L2 teaching and learning can take place. Van Lier (2004) argues that the ZPD could be activated in diverse proximal contexts (PCs) and is not limited to the expert-novice scenario. . This study probed whether Iranian EFL learners' collaborative task performance...

ABSTRACT Research in creativity often measures creative potential : the number of ideas which can be generated, or way a novel thought appears mind thinker. There is much less emphasis on during realization this potential. This paper uses focused cognitive ethnography to explore how manifest complex environment. We report four main findings: that involves form “knowing through doing,” requires ...

This longitudinal study explores how the language proficiency of eight (N = 8) US-affiliated university students developed relative to their smartphone usage during abroad (SA) in Paris. Phone was tracked daily with Space, weekly using NCSSFL-ACTFL Can-Do statements, and use monthly via a Language Engagement Questionnaire. Adopting Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST) framework following micro...

This study aimed to investigate the kinds of peer scaffolding behaviors occurring during English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing activities through three steps process. The participants comprised ten major students in classroom University Phayao selected by purposive sampling. They were classified into five expert EFL learners and novice according their scores written paragraph they wrote b...

We applied overlapping waves theory and microgenetic methods to examine how children improve their estimation proficiency, and in particular how they shift from reliance on immature to mature representations of numerical magnitude. We also tested the theoretical prediction that feedback on problems on which the discrepancy between two representations is greatest will cause the greatest represen...

The authors used microgenetic methods in 2 experiments to examine children's and adults' progress from initial attempts at spelling nonwords to later direct memory retrieval of the spellings. Participants repeatedly spelled nonwords presented in computerized, dictated-word spelling tests over several weeks. Following each spelling, participants provided retrospective strategy reports. Half of t...

We tested the hypothesis that encoding the numerical-spatial relations in a number board game is a key process in promoting learning from playing such games. Experiment 1 used a microgenetic design to examine the effects on learning of the type of counting procedure that children use. As predicted, having kindergartners count-on from their current number on the board while playing a 0-100 numbe...

The effect of self-explanation was evaluated against an alterative way to spend the same amount of time: completing additional practice. Self-Explanation was compared against an Additional Practice and a Same Practice condition. Problem solving strategy use and explanation quality within mathematical equivalence were investigated. Seventy-five second through fourth grade students received an in...