An ultrasonic Doppler was used to monitor embolic activity in the arterial line of an extracorporeal circuit. No differences in embolic activity were observed when either 100% N2 or 95% Oz-5% C02 gases were swept through a bubble oxygenator. Information is presented suggesting that nitrogen or air micro emboli are more deleterious than oxygen or carbogen microemboli. Consequently, this article ...

We propose and demonstrate a pressure sensor based on a micro air bubble at the end facet of a single mode fiber fusion spliced with a silica tube. When immersed into the liquid such as water, the air bubble essentially acts as a Fabry-Pérot interferometer cavity. Such a cavity can be compressed by the environmental pressure and the sensitivity obtained is >1000 nm/kPa, at least one order of ma...

In this study, we devise a method to generate homogeneous particles from a bubble suspension, with the capability to control loading and the structure of bubbles. Ideally, a process such as this would occur at the interface between daughter bubble formation (instant) and gaseous diffusion (gradual). Interestingly, the budding mechanism in micro-organisms is one that demonstrates features of the...

Although satisfactory techniques for the determination of oxygen and carbon dioxide contents of blood have long been available, methods for the determination of gas tensions have been less satisfactory and, in the case of the most frequently used procedures, indirect ((1) pp. 174, 298). The direct methods ((1) p. 309; (2-7)) depend upon the equilibration of a bubble of gas with blood at 37” and...

Dissolved air flotation (DAF), an effective treatment method for clarifying algae/cyanobacteria-laden water, is highly dependent on coagulation-flocculation. Treatment of algae can be problematic due to unpredictable coagulant demand during blooms. To eliminate the need for coagulation-flocculation, the use of commercial polymers or surfactants to alter bubble charge in DAF has shown potential,...

A model is presented for the linking of helium bubbles growing in aging metal tritides. Stresses created by neighboring bubbles are found to produce bubble growth toward coalescence. This process is interrupted by the fracture of ligaments between bubble arrays. The condition for ligament fracture percolates through the material to reach external surfaces, leading to material micro-cracking and...

When gas micro-bubbles are forced with an acoustic field they typically undergo a slow expansion followed by a violent collapse. During the expansion phase a significant amount of vapor enters the bubble. While much of this vapor is expelled as the bubble collapses, significant excess vapor is trapped in the interior during this violent collapse. As the bubble collapses this vapor is significan...

This second part of a two-part study explores the performance of a new cooling scheme in which the primary working fluid flowing through a micro-channel heat sink is indirectly cooled by a refrigeration cooling system. The objective of this part of study is to explore the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of the heat sink. During single-phase cooling, pressure drop decreased with ...

A micro-fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) is proposed and demonstrated experimentally for ultrasonic imaging of seismic physical models. The device consists of a micro-bubble followed by the end of a single-mode fiber (SMF). The micro-structure is formed by the discharging operation on a short segment of hollow-core fiber (HCF) that is spliced to the SMF. This micro FPI is sensitive ...