Background: Early diagnosis of albuminuria and the prevention of its progression to macroalbuminuria and diabetic nephropathy are crucial. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and antagonists of angiotensin II receptors type I (ARBs) are currently used as first-line treatment for albuminuria in these patients. The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of addition of spi...

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) patients with albuminuria have coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). Fractional flow reserve assessed by computed tomography angiography (FFRct) is dependent on the structure and function of microcirculation likely influenced CMD. We aimed to evaluate if asymptomatic T2D who had no significant artery stenosis but been diagnosed lower value nadir FF...

Albuminuria reduction could be renoprotective in hypertensive patients with diabetic nephropathy. However, the current use of renin-angiotensin-system intervention is targeted to BP only. Therefore, this study investigated the adequacy of this approach in 1428 patients with hypertension and diabetic nephropathy from the placebo-controlled Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II ...

BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the Western world. Early and accurate identification of DKD offers the best chance of slowing the progression of kidney disease. An important method for evaluating risk of progressive DKD is abnormal albumin excretion rate (AER). Due to the high variability in AER, most guidelines recommend the use of mo...

OBJECTIVES We sought to compare systolic and diastolic function in American Indians with diabetes mellitus (DM) based on albuminuria status. BACKGROUND Albuminuria has been shown to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) in populations with DM. However, the mechanism of the association of albuminuria and CVD is unclear. METHODS We compared echo-derived indices of left ventricular (LV) systoli...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Albuminuria change is often used to assess drug efficacy in intervention trials in nephrology. The change is often calculated using a variable number of urine samples collected at baseline and end of treatment. Yet more albuminuria measurements usually occur. Because albuminuria shows a large day-to-day variability, this study assessed to what extent the average and th...

Abstract Background and Aims Albuminuria is a medical condition characterized by leakage of albumin into the urine due to kidney damage. The diagnosed heightened Albumin Creatinine ratio in (ACR) typically categorized microalbuminuria (ACR ≥ 30, < 300 mg/g mg/g) macroalbuminuria mg/g). Currently, despite compelling data, only minority patients with diabetes, rarely individuals without ar...

BACKGROUND Albuminuria is an established risk marker for both cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Albuminuria can be reduced with drugs that block the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). We questioned whether the short-term drug-induced change in albuminuria would predict the long-term cardioprotective efficacy of RAS intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed data from Reduction in Endpoints i...

Albuminuria is the increased excretion of the serum protein albumin into the urine. Albuminuria is classically seen as an important diagnostic marker of declining kidney function, however, more recently albuminuria has also been implicated as a marker for cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease indicating an important link between processes governing both cardiovascular and renal functio...