The Hoffmann reflex has been the tool most commonly used in exercise studies to investigate modulations in spinal excitability. However, the evolution of electromyographic responses with the increase in stimulation intensity has rarely been assessed when the muscle is active. The purpose of this study was thus to identify that part of the recruitment curve at which the investigation of the Hoff...

It is 25 years since the Society held a meeting on this same topic (12 October 1957). The enormous efforts that have gone into protein evaluation in the intervening quarter century suggest a need to reiterate and emphasize points made at that meeting (Bender, 1958) namely, that all measures of protein quality are a function of the limiting amino acid (AA), that the tests do not yield any inform...

This paper investigates the methodological foundations of a new research field called chance discovery, which aims to detect future opportunities and risks. By drawing on concepts from cybernetics and system theory, it is argued that chance discovery best applies to open systems that are equipped with regulatory and anticipatory mechanisms. Non-determinism, freedom (entropy) and open systems pr...

integral component of evaluating carrying capacity, which is defined under the NPS Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP) framework (Manning et al. 1995; NPS 1997) as the type and level of visitor use a park can accommodate while sustaining resource and social conditions that complement the purposes of the park and its management objectives. The VERP framework specifies desired resou...