The transcription dynamics of subunit A of the key gene in methanogenesis (methyl coenzyme M reductase; mcrA) was studied to evaluate the relationship between process rate (methanogenesis) and gene transcription dynamics in a peat soil ecosystem. Soil methanogen process rates were determined during incubation of peat slurries at temperatures from 4 to 37 degrees C, and real-time quantitative PC...

Pyrrolysine (Pyl), the 22nd proteogenic amino acid, was restricted until recently to few organisms. Its translational use necessitates the presence of enzymes for synthesizing it from lysine, a dedicated amber stop codon suppressor tRNA, and a specific amino-acyl tRNA synthetase. The three genomes of the recently proposed Thermoplasmata-related 7th order of methanogens contain the complete gene...

Sequencing and analyses of 16S rRNA gene amplicons were performed to estimate the composition of the rumen methanogen community in 252 samples from eight cohorts of sheep and cattle, separated into 16 different sample groups by diet, and to determine which methanogens are most prominent in the rumens of farmed New Zealand ruminants. Methanobacteriales (relative abundance ± standard deviation, 8...

Grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) contains polyphenolic bioflavonoids ubiquitously found in the lignified portions of grape seeds from winery and distillery industries, as an antioxidant. To explore its potential a rumen modifier methanogenesis inhibition, 2 × 5 factorial experiment was conducted to determine effect GSP at 0, 15, 30, 60 120 mg/g substrate on fermentation two representative tota...

The draft genome of Methanobacterium sp. Maddingley was reconstructed from metagenomic sequencing of a methanogenic microbial consortium enriched from coal-seam gas formation water. It is a hydrogenotrophic methanogen predicted to grow using hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

Syntrophorhabdus aromaticivorans strain UI is a mesophilic bacterium capable of degrading aromatic substrates in syntrophic cooperation with a partner methanogen. The draft genome sequence is 3.7 Mb, with a G+C content of 52.0%.

In euryarchaeal methanogen M.kandleri and in Nanoarchaea N. equitans some of the missing tRNA genes are embedded in others. We argue from bioinformatic evidence that position specific intron splicing is the key behind colocation of these tRNA genes.

Methanobrevibacter olleyaeYLM1 is a hydrogenotrophic methanogen, isolated from the rumen of a lamb. Its genome has been sequenced to provide information on the genomic diversity of rumen methanogens and support the development of approaches to reduce methane formation by ruminants.

Correlation between hydrogen isotope fractionation in fatty acids and carbon metabolism in pure cultures of bacteria indicates the potential of biomarker D/H analysis as a tool for diagnosing carbon substrate usage in environmental samples. However, most environments, in particular anaerobic habitats, are built from metabolic networks of micro-organisms rather than a single organism. The effect...

In herbivores, enteric methane is a by-product from the digestion of plant biomass by mutualistic gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbial communities. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that is not assimilated by the host and is released into the environment where it contributes to climate change. Since enteric methane is exclusively produced by methanogenic archaea, the investigation of mutuali...