In this paper we introduce a new mathematical model, which can be used to investigate the response of a long-period fibre grating to changes in ambient refractive indices of values both greater and less than that of the cladding. A numerical method to calculate the HE core and cladding modes is presented. The results show that even when the ambient refractive index is higher than that of the cl...

This paper numerically and experimentally investigates and demonstrates the design of an optofluidic in-plane bi-concave lens to perform both light focusing and diverging using the combined effect of pressure driven flow and electro-osmosis. The concave lens is formed in a rectangular chamber with a liquid core-liquid cladding (L(2)) configuration. Under constant flow rates, the performance of ...

this paper deals with the investigation of the microstructure and hardness of steel samples cladded with satellite 6-wc composites by using gas tungsten arc welding (gtaw) process. for this purpose, steel samples were coated with unreinforced and reinforced stellite (by 20, 30 and 40 wt.% wc). the cladded samples were evaluated by metallographic studies, microhardness measurement and x-ray diff...

This paper provides an overview of the commonly used processes and equipment for laser cladding, including pre-set powder feeding, simultaneous wire feeding coaxial cladding nozzles. By comparing above related nozzles, coating characteristics are summarized selection appropriate methods in different working environments. Meanwhile, morphology properties clad layers shaft parts processed with pr...

Increasing importance is being placed on sustainability worldwide to limit climate change’s effects. In New Zealand, a sizeable increase in demand for housing driving residential construction boom, with new dwelling consents increasing yearly the last decade. The Zealand Government’s commitment has become legislation through Climate Change Response (Zero Carbon) Amendment Act 2019. Therefore, n...

A two-dimensional computational model of a spent 7x7 Boiling Water Reactor assembly in a horizontal support basket was developed using the Fluent computational fluid dynamics package. Heat transfer simulations were performed to predict the maximum cladding temperature for assembly heat generation rates between 100 and 600W, uniform basket wall temperatures of 25 and 4000C, and with helium and n...

There have been many efforts to adjust temperature-dependent wavelength shift (TDWS) of a photonic waveguide device using a cladding material with a negative thermo-optic coefficient (TOC) differently from a core material with a positive TOC (Kokubun et al., 1998; Lee et al., 2007, 2008; Alipour et al., 2010; Guha et al., 2013; Bovington et al., 2014; Lee, 2014). Polymers have been popularly us...

Stress in laser cladding coating is an important factor affecting the safe operation of remanufacturing components. Ultrasonic testing has become a popular approach in the nondestructive evaluation of stress, because it has the advantages of safety, nondestructiveness, and online detection. This paper provides a review of ultrasonic testing for stress in remanufacturing laser cladding coating. ...

Presently, LWR (light-water reactor) fuel cladding (tube) is made from Zr-base alloys (e.g., Zircaloy). However, in steam at temperatures above 1000 K (727 °C), these alloys oxidize rapidly, stripping oxygen from water molecules and producing hydrogen, which may cause explosion. Moreover, Zr-base alloys are prone to GTRF (“grid-to-rod” fretting) failure, in which flowinduced vibration of fuel r...

This paper numerically and experimentally investigates and demonstrates the design of an optofluidic in -plane bi-concave lens to perform both light focusing and diverging using the combined effect of pressure driven flow and electroosmosis. The concave lens is formed in a rectangular chamber with liquid core liquid cladding (L) configuration. Under constant flowrates, the performance of the le...