High androgen levels have been associated with menstrual irregularities in clinical populations, but not in healthy women. We examined the association between testosterone and menstrual irregularities in a nonclinical population of 194 healthy premenopausal women, none of whom reported chronic health conditions. Women provided saliva samples for assay of salivary testosterone, and responded to ...

Few studies exist on the physiological changes in the concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) within the menstrual cycle, and some controversy remains. We therefore decided to study the impact of endogenous sex steroids on the GH-IGF-IGFBP axis during the ovulatory menstrual cycle in 10 healthy women (aged 18-40 years). Blood sam...

BACKGROUND Sex hormones are known to regulate some responses during exercise. Evaluation of the differences in exercise response with regard to menstrual cycle will help understand the menstrual cycle phase specific adaptations to exercise and athletic performance. METHODS We investigated the effects of menstrual cycle phase and carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on immune response during endurance...

Objective: To examine the effects of menstrual cycle on exercise-induced inflammation, we investigated exercise-induced changes in circulating cytokines and leukocyte responses during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Methods: Ten healthy sedentary females (20.5 ± 0.7 years) performed 60 min of cycling at 75% of their individual anaerobic threshold (AT) during the three different phases ...

BACKGROUND In this study, the characteristics of menstrual cycle in shift workers employed in the pharmaceutical industry are investigated. METHOD This study was conducted in a pharmaceutical industrial complex in Tehran in 2012. 406 female workers in packaging units were studied on the menstrual cycle characteristics. The studied workers were divided into two groups of shift workers and non-...

Data on menstrual experiences and their impact on quality of life among women in developing countries are scant. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls in Sidon city and suburbs, Lebanon, and to explore its possible relationship with menstrual experience. In a cross-sectional design, 389 post-menarcheal schoolgirls aged 13-19 years were select...

AIM OF THE STUDY This study explored characteristics of the menstrual cycle including duration, prevalence and severity of symptoms and examined the relationship of these characteristics with attitudes toward menstruation. BACKGROUND Conceptualization of menstrual phenomena and attitudes toward menstruation may vary among cultures. While data about menstrual health among American women are wi...

BACKGROUND Population variation in the duration and amount of menstrual bleeding has received little attention in the literature. This study describes these characteristics and investigates the distribution of self-perceived amount of menstrual bleeding according to socio-demographic, behavioral, and reproductive characteristics. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted a...

in the secretory phase (Fig. 1C). Dysmorphic erythrocytes (morphologically variable) have been reported to be a marker for glomerular bleeding and isomorphic erythrocytes (morphologically uniform) for nonglomerular bleeding (2 ). The present study revealed that most erythrocytes in the menstrual phase are isomorphic but that all erythrocytes detected in the other phases are dysmorphic, suggesti...

Objective This study aimed to determine whether the menstrual characteristics are different in Korean women with or without ovarian endometrioma. Methods We selected 95 premenopausal women aged below 39 years who underwent laparoscopic surgery for ovarian endometrioma (n=46) or other benign ovarian tumors (n=49) between April 2016 and February 2017. We excluded those with uterine diseases tha...