A physic-mathematical model has been developed that is suitable for biosensors incorporating membranes and bisubstrate enzymes. The set of equations regarding the transport of reactants across the membrane, the bisubstrate enzymatic reaction, back diffusion of reactants and reaction products, are written down and simultaneously solved and transient response of the electrode is determined as...

We found that dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) can be used as an ionophore to make a tin (II)-ionselectivemembrane electrode. The electrode exhibits a near Nernstian response for Sn2+ ions over aconcentration range from 1.0× 10-6 – 1.0× 10-2 M with a slope of 27.5 ± 0.6 mV per concentration decadein an acidic solution (pH=1). The limit of detection was 8.0× 10-7 M. It has a response time of < 20s an...

Here, we report on a new solvent polymeric membrane electrode incorporating thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPA) as a polymer with the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of ca. 32 °C. The response of the solvent polymeric membrane electrode to the ions changes at 25 and 40 °C. Pulsed NMR analyses demonstrated the novel effects of the LCST behaviour on the potentiometric p...

A highly selective copper (II) coated graphite sensor was prepared by 1,13-bis(8-quinolyl)- 1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatridecane (kryptofix 5) as a supramolecule ionophore into plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane. The best response characteristic was observed using the membrane composition of PVC = 30.0 mg, dioctyl sebacate (DOS) = 63.5 mg, palmitic acid (PA) = 3.0 mg and kryptofix 5 = 3.5 m...

In the present study, a step by step process was applied to synthesize bimetallic electrocatalyst (Ru and Pt on VulcanXC-72R). This process can reduce the amount of platinum and increase the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) performance in the cathodic reaction of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Using the impregnation by hydrothermal synthesis method, a series of electrocatalysts ...

One of the most important parts of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). However, the delamination between the membrane and electrode layers, induced by uneven distribution of internal stress and stress concentration due to the inconsistent water and thermal expansion properties, greatly reduces the PEMFC durability. Based on the data from th...