Scalable Internet services are distributed over multiple nodes, which may fail at any time. Events such as partial failures, software errors, and attacks, as well as churn are increasingly becoming normal events. As a result, the design of Internet services is getting more complex and predicting their behavior is daunting. We address these problems by designing such systems as a set of weakly i...

pollen, honey, larvae, pupa and adult honey bees were collected from apiaries in taleghan, karadj region to assess the fungal infections.  several larvae were found in culture media of digestive system of adult bees and pollen through the experiment.  the larvae then were incubated to grow up and reach to the adult stage. morphological and systematic studies on samples of larvae and adults reve...

We electrophoretically assayed 32 gene loci in the Sceloporus scalaris complex. We sampled 208 animals from 22 localities representing the following: Sceloporus aeneus (12 localities), S. bicanthalis (five localities), S. chaneyi (one locality), S. goldmani (one locality), and S. scalaris samcolemani (two localities), and we used Sceloporus parvus and S. variabilis as outgroups. Of the 32 gene ...

The first total synthesis of the proposed structure of astakolactin, a sesterterpene metabolite isolated from the marine sponge Cacospongia scalaris, has been achieved, mainly featuring Johnson-Claisen rearrangement, asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reaction and MNBA-mediated lactonization.

Higher cyclorrhaphan flies including Drosophila develop a single extraembryonic epithelium (amnioserosa), which closes the germband dorsally. In most other insects two extraembryonic epithelia, serosa and amnion, line the inner eggshell and the ventral germband, respectively. How the two extraembryonic epithelia evolved into one is unclear. Recent studies have shown that, in the flour beetle Tr...

Food paralytic poisoning incident was detected in the gastropod Nassariidae Niotha clathrata and Zeuxis scalaris occurred in December 2012 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The toxin was purified from each remain of cooked gastropod and victim tissues by ultrafiltration using a YM-3 membrane, followed by C18 cartridge column purification. Based on analyses by LC-MS/MS, the causative agent of gastropod food...

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) pattern the dorsal-ventral axis of bilaterian embryos; however, their roles in the evolution of body plan are largely unknown. We examined their functional evolution in fly embryos. BMP signaling specifies two extraembryonic tissues, the serosa and amnion, in basal-branching flies such as Megaselia abdita, but only one, the amnioserosa, in Drosophila melanogas...

An urban biodiversity study sampling primarily from private backyards in Los Angeles, California (USA), reveals the presence of fifty-six species of Megaselia within the first few months of sampling. Thirty of these are described as new to science: M. armstrongorum, M. bradyi, M. brejchaorum, M. carthayensis, M. ciancii, M. creasoni, M. defibaughorum, M. donahuei, M. francoae, M. fujiokai, M. h...

This case study demonstrates the importance of the Phorid, Megaselia abdita (Schmitz), as an indicator for post-mortem interval estimation in criminal investigations involving forensic entomology where it is usually the more frequently occurring Calliphorids that are most useful. A case example is discussed where the temperatures were low for the period of time the deceased was missing.

Scuttle flies trapped at baits of dead mice are reported from a region of S. W. Finland subjected to pollution from the smelting of copper and nickel. Most belonged to the huge genus Megaselia, but 96% were females, the majority of which cannot be named until linked to their males. These are given code numbers and distinguished by means of a key.