To investigate the role of cell-mediated immunity during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10 levels in nasopharyngeal secretions were measured in infants with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) caused by RSV. A novel technique was used to measure in vivo cytokine levels in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs). Cytokine levels in the NPAs ...

Purpose of review: This article reviews the thoracic complications from malpositioned blindly inserted nasogastric feeding tubes in mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care and the methods to check the position and promote safe placement of the feeding tubes. Recent findings: Malpositioned feeding tubes are not included in risk management databases. The reported incidence is 1-3% and ...

Among the devices employed for aerosol generation (metered-dose inhalers, nebulizers, and dry powder inhalers) only metered-dose inhalers and nebulizers are routinely employed for aerosol delivery to mechanically ventilated patients. The ventilator circuit and artificial airway were previously thought to be major barriers to effective aerosol delivery to mechanically ventilated patients. In the...

the effect of a ginger extract on gastric residual volume among mechanically ventilated patients who hospitalized in intensive care unit     hekmatafshar m [1] , bardigorchaei a [2] , amin gh [3] , vakili ma [4] , eshginia s [5] , sanagoo a [6] , jouybaril [7] *     received: 20feb, 2012 accepted: 9may, 2012     abstract   background & aims : delayed gastric emptying among mechanically ventilat...

We demonstrate direct coupling between phonons and diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spins by driving spin transitions with mechanically generated harmonic strain at room temperature. The amplitude of the mechanically driven spin signal varies with the spatial periodicity of the stress standing wave within the diamond substrate, verifying that we drive NV center spins mechanically. These spi...

Chaotic eigenstates of quantum systems are known to localize on either side of a classical partial transport barrier if the flux connecting the two sides is quantum mechanically not resolved due to Heisenberg's uncertainty. Surprisingly, in open systems with escape chaotic resonance states can localize even if the flux is quantum mechanically resolved. We explain this using the concept of condi...

At present, the identity of the proteins that participate in mechanical stimulation during the fracture healing process is not known. Here, we screened for and identified 299 proteins that are expressed in various stages of mechanically stimulated fracture healing. Among these biomarkers, 54 proteins were differentially expressed during all three recovery time points. Gene ontology (GO) analysi...

We read with interest the report by Karbing and coworkers [1] in which they assess the clinical relevance of variation in the arterial oxygen tension (PaO2)/fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio, a widely used oxygenation index, alongside changes in FiO2. In mechanically ventilated and spontaneously breathing patients, they showed that the clinical utility of PaO2/FiO2 ratio is doubtful unles...