Practical tasks like question answering and machine translational ultimately require computing meaning representations that support inference. Standard linguistic accounts of meaning are impracticable for such purposes, both because they assume nonmonotonic operations such as quantifier movement, and because they lack a representation for the meaning of content words that supports efficient com...

This paper explains the principles of dependency analysis by reduction and its correspondence to the notions of dependency and dependency tree. The explanation is illustrated by examples from Czech, a language with a relatively high degree of word-order freedom. The paper sums up the basic features of methods of dependency syntax. The method serves as a basis for the verification (and explanati...

Following previous studies reporting a beneficial effect for pre-task planning on learners' task performance, the present research takes into account the possible effects of directing learners' attention to meaning and form of language on their written production while they have one- and five-minute strategic planning time. The study randomly categorized 48 intermediate learners of English into...

One way to develop intercultural sensitivity in learners is through the inclusion of intercultural training in ELT and teacher training courses. This study aimed at enhancing the intercultural sensitivity of EFL pre-service teachers through interactive culture-focused speaking tasks. Therefore, a task-based syllabus was designed based on the principles of constructivism and intercultural themes...

For the foreign student it is very important to own skills of the academic letter. It is an important indicator of professional and research competence of the student. The mobility of foreign graduates of the Russian higher education institutions depends on their level of proficiency in the academic Russian letter as communications between the educational and scientific organizations extend at ...

We address the question of which syntactic representation is best suited for role-semantic analysis of English in the FrameNet paradigm. We compare systems based on dependencies and constituents, and a dependency syntax with a rich set of grammatical functions with one with a smaller set. Our experiments show that dependency-based and constituent-based analyzers give roughly equivalent performa...

Copula constructions are problematic in the syntax of most languages. The paper describes three different dependency syntactic methods for handling copula constructions: function head, content head and complex label analysis. Furthermore, we also propose a POS-based approach to copula detection. We evaluate the impact of these approaches in computational parsing, in two parsing experiments for ...

This study set out to explore whether different input enhancement tasks as implicit instruction techniques had any significant impact on the intake of causative verbs in English as a foreign language among Iranian EFL learners. For this purpose, three intact classes consisting of 75 male and female intermediate L2 learners were randomly divided into three conditions: simultaneous grammar consci...