In this work, we propose a single formula for the law of wall, which is dubbed as logarithmic-exponential (LOG-EXP) formula, predicting mean velocity profile in different regions near wall. And then feedforward neural network (FNN), whose inputs and training data are based on new trained wall-modelled large-eddy simulation (WMLES) turbulent channel flows. The direct numerical (DNS) flows used t...

The response of rails to moving loads has been a topic of interest for over a century. A related issue, the critical velocity of moving loads is an important matter related to track design. Analytically, in undamped environment, downward as well as upward displacements tend to infinity when the load is moving over an infinite rail at the critical velocity. However, the classical formula predict...

Ultrasonic velocity data on hydrocarbon mixtures was shown by Wang and Nur [JASA 89, 2725 (1991)] to agree quite well with the predictions of a simple mixing rule (volume average of velocity). The same data is reanalyzed using Wood's formula and the time average approximation. Wood's formula for acoustic velocity is shown to be always less than the time average formula, which is itself always l...

It is well known that changes in [Formula: see text] or[Formula: see text] strongly influence cerebral and ocular blood flow. However, the mediators of these changes have not yet been completely identified. There is evidence from animal studies that NO may play a role in hypercapnia-induced vasodilation and that NO synthase inhibition modulates the response to hyperoxia in the choroid. Hence we...

OBJECTIVE To verify the hypothesis that the pulmonary vein pulsatility index is higher in fetuses of diabetic mothers than it is in normal fetuses of nondiabetic mothers. METHODS Twenty-four fetuses of mothers with either gestational or previous diabetes (cases), and 25 normal fetuses of mothers without systemic disease (control) were examined. Fetuses were examined through prenatal Doppler a...

BACKGROUND Studies of endurance running have typically involved elite athletes, small sample sizes and measures that require special expertise or equipment. METHODS We examined factors associated with race performance and explored methods for race time prediction using information routinely available to a recreational runner. An Internet survey was used to collect data from recreational endur...

There is some confusion in the literature as to what velocity should appear in the stellar aberration formula. Because the aberration formula is usually derived from the same equations as the Doppler shift, where the relative velocity between source and detector is the relevant one, it is often assumed the same holds for aberration. This is not the case. Authors who choose the orbital velocity ...

IV For the calculation of the local critical velocity for a bed of sack gabions, it is advised to use Izbash' formula with a gabion stability factor (γ in formula [10]) while calculating the nominal diameter of a sack gabion as in formula [1] (a mass based approach):