BACKGROUND Lactase enzyme supplements and probiotics with high beta-galactosidase activity may be valid treatment options for the lactose intolerance. Aim of this study was to assess whether supplementation with tilactase or Lactobacillus reuteri when compared to placebo affects hydrogen breath excretion and gastrointestinal symptoms in lactose intolerant patients during lactose breath test (H,...

purpose: to evaluate all cases of drug induced angle closure glaucoma cases who presented to feiz hospital, isfahan during 2008-2010. case report: in this retrospective case series, we present 7 cases of drug induced angle closure glaucoma after administration of topiramate. all patients were female. the average age of patients was 33.28 years old (ranging from 19 to 44). with sufficient cornea...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We sought to describe the frequency of normalization of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values that are decreased in hyperacute stroke and to identify characteristics of tissue demonstrating normalization. METHODS Sixty-eight acute ischemic stroke patients underwent MRI examination (including diffusion/perfusion imaging and MR angiography) within 6 hours (mean, 2.8...

Multivariate pattern analyses of fMRI responses have become widely used in cognitive neuroscience. A popular method introduced by Haxby et al. (2001) is to correlate the patterns of responses to each condition across separate fMRI runs. These correlation analyses are applied both to (1) determine whether it is possible to discriminate/classify patterns of responses to two or more conditions, an...

The purpose of this article is to provide an empirical comparison of rank-based normalization methods for standardized test scores. A series of Monte Carlo simulations were performed to compare the Blom, Tukey, Van der Waerden and Rankit approximations in terms of achieving the T score's specified mean and standard deviation and unit normal skewness and kurtosis. All four normalization methods ...

Methods for normalization of RNA-sequencing gene expression data commonly assume equal total expression between compared samples. In contrast, scenarios of global gene expression shifts are many and increasing. Here we compare the performance of three normalization methods when polyA(+) RNA content fluctuates significantly during zebrafish early developmental stages. As a benchmark we have used...

SNOMAD is a collection of algorithms for the normalization and standardization of gene expression datasets derived from diverse biological and technological sources. In addition to conventional transformations and visualization tools, SNOMAD includes two non-linear transformations which correct for bias and variance which are non-uniformly distributed across the range of microarray element sign...

Most of the Information Retrieval Systems uses counts of frequencies of the words that occur in documents. Such counts entail the need of normalizing these terms. A simple normalization of characters (upper/lowercase, accents and other diacritical ones) seems insufficient, since many words, by morphologic inflection or derivation, could be grouped under an only form, when having very near seman...

This paper reports on the automatic transcription accuracy of voicemail messages. It shows that vocal tract length normalization and adaptation using linear transformations, proven to improve accuracy on the Switchboard task, provide similar accuracy improvements on this task. Direct application of the normalization techniques is complicated by the fragmentation of the data. However, unsupervis...

The log-energy parameter, as an auxiliary but influential feature, has been commonly used to augment Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) to improve the recognition accuracy in automatic speech recognition (ASR). In this paper, a new and effective scaling approach named log-energy scaling normalization (LESN), which utilizes special nonlinear scaling functions on noisy speech data for lo...