We develop and test a theory for the relationship of atmospheric pCO2 and the solubility pump of CO2 in an abiotic ocean. The solubility pump depends on the hydrographic structure of the ocean and the degree of saturation of the waters. The depth of thermocline sets the relative volume of warm and cold waters, which sets the mean solubility of CO2 in the ocean. The degree of saturation depends ...

The turnabout and growth mechanisms of the ENSO are diagnostically studied by analyzing the SST budget of the Cane-Zebiak model. The SST change rates, which are directly linked to the phase transition and growth of the ENSO, are attributed to two processes: the anomalous vertical advection of subsurface temperature by the mean upwelling (thermocline feedback), and the zonal advection of the cli...

Let us consider first a heuristic derivation of an equation for the sea surface temperature in the East Pacific, which will be followed by a more rigorous derivation in the following sections. Assume that the East Pacific SST affects the atmospheric heating and thus the central Pacific wind speed. The resulting wind stress, in turn, excites equatorial Kelvin and Rossby ocean waves. These waves ...

The output from a coupled general circulationmodel (CGCM) is used to develop evidence showing that the tropical Pacific decadal oscillation can be driven by an interaction between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the slowly varyingmean background climate state. The analysis verifies that the decadal changes in themean states are attributed largely to decadal changes in ENSO statistic...

A stationary SST mode is proposed to understand the physical mechanisms responsible for the phase transition of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. This stationary SST mode differs from the original delayed oscillator mode and the slow SST mode in the sense that it considers both balanced and unbalanced thermocline depth variations and does not take into account the zonal propagation of SST. With...

[1] The dynamics of the seasonal cycle in the upper equatorial Atlantic ocean are studied using observations and a hierarchy of ocean models. Distinctive features of the seasonal cycle are strong annual and semiannual components: eastward (westward) propagating sea surface height (SSH) and thermocline depth at the equator (off the equator) and westward propagating surface zonal currents at the ...

Nowadays, in consideration of environmental issues and limitation of fossil fuels, there is a particular consideration of renewable energy including Ocean Energy, that can extracted going through various methods such as Wave Energy, Tidal Energy, Salinity Gradient, OTEC: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion.Herein this research, operation of OTEC Method in Southern Caspian Sea has been discussed. Fo...

Seagrass beds are the largest organism-built marine habitat in Dominica, yet have only been surveyed since 2007. Standardized examinations along a depth gradient between 0 and 24 m, focusing on magnoliophyte species composition and benthic cover of shoots at 17 seagrass bed sites, were carried out between September 10 and December 7, 2008. The Cymodoceaceae Syringodium filiforme (Kuetzing 1860)...

0079-6611/$ see front matter Crown Copyright 2 doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2008.07.002 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +61 2 9385 7071; fax E-mail address: [email protected] (W.P. Sijp). We examine the effect of a northward shift in the position of the southern hemisphere subpolar westerly winds (SWWs) on the vertical and horizontal distribution of temperature and salinity in the world ocean. A northwa...

A cyclonic gyre within the eastern tropical South Atlantic is resolved by an extensive oceanographic station array obtained in 1983 and 19&4. The gyre is centered near nos and SOE with a sea surface relief relative to 1500 decibars (db) of8 dyn em. The 500 db surface relative to 1500 db reveals a much diminished cyclonic circulation, shifted slightly to the south. The weak baroclinic expression...