Shadow mapping has been a popular way of generating shadows in real-time applications, but it is still incapable of generating realistic real time soft shadows for area light. There is an algorithm for generating soft shadows for linear light with few samples, but the algorithm is not suitable for area light. In this article, the author presents a modified method to the shadow mapping algorithm...

Wireless communication systems will be one of the biggest drivers of semiconductor products over the next decade. This paper provides an overview of current developments in this explosive market, looks at future product requirements and relates those needs with technology projections. Three key technologies are discussed: basic semiconductor processes, digital signal processing, and RF systems ...

Means of communication have achieved tremendous growth in the last two decades and the anywhereanytime concept is becoming a reality as the ease of deployment and the decreasing cost of usage allow a large fraction of the world’s population to use WiFi, cell phones and communication satellites. However, the map of the information world is highly polarized: only 5% of the African population uses...

A classical continuum theory corresponding to Barrett and Crane’s model of Euclidean quantum gravity is presented. The fields in this classical theory are those of SO(4) BF theory, a simple topological theory of an so(4) valued 2-form field, B μν , and an so(4) connection. The left handed (self-dual) and right handed (anti-self-dual) components of B define a left handed and a, generally distinc...

Aim: I extend the traditional SAR, which has achieved status of ecological law and plays a critical role in global biodiversity assessment, to the general (alphaor beta-diversity in Hill numbers) diversity area relationship (DAR). The extension was motivated to remedy the limitation of traditional SAR that only address one aspect of biodiversity scaling—species richness scaling over space. Inno...

Entanglement entropy is typically proportional to area, but sometimes it acquires an additional logarithmic pre-factor. We offer some intuitive explanations for these facts.

The objective of this study is to observe the visual fatigue caused by watching 3DTV using the method of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The data of fMRI during three kinds of visual stimulation tasks were obtained from twenty subjects. At first, blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal changes during stimuli of checkerboard task were compared before and after one-hour watching ...

objective  cerebral palsy (cp) is the most common cause of chronic disability that restricts participation in areas of occupations for children. according to the occupational therapy practice framework (otpf) the participation areas or occupations consisting of 8 areas (activity daily of living (adl), instrumental activity daily of living (iadl), work, play, leisure, education, rest/sleep/ soci...

since heavy metals are considered as one of the major pollutants threatening, the main goal of this study was to bring out the concentrations of pb, zn and mn in the surface sediments off bushehr in the persian gulf. for this purpose, after collection of samples, the concentrations of the three metals in surface sediments were measured through the atomic absorption. the results were compared wi...