this essay studies theory of lex mercatoria which is based on the assumption of existence of a third legal system along with the national and international legal systems regulating international commercial relations. for this purpose, the essay discusses the backgrounds of creation and emergence of the theory, its narrow and broad meaning, elements of which and the extent that it has been recog...

abstract purpose - the aim of this paper is to describe the population ecology theory through fractal thinking, an emergent human operating system that is creative, adaptive, healthy, and evolutionary; furthermore, a parallel is drawn between the population ecology model and the fractal structure. top-down hierarchies are typically characterized by command and control systems of the authority t...

rationality and spirituality is a theory follows the spiritualism in west, to fill the spiritual gap made by modernism. the goal of this theory is reduction of human’s pain by collecting between rationality and spirituality, which is engendered by modernism and religion. as modernism based on reason, rationality is fundamental in this theory. spiritualty is application of rationality or is pers...

this research aims to develop a theory of talent management. the research method is qualitative based on grounded theory. data were gathered in investment market as theoric sampling and 16 interviews were done by managers of investment market. the results of open, axial and selective coding lead to develop dual-core hr architecture theory. based on this theory, organizations should differentiat...