graphene sheet including single vacancy, double vacancy and stone-wales with armchair and zigzag structure was simulated using molecular dynamics simulation. the effect of defects on shear’s modulus, shear strength and fracture  strain was investigated. results showed that these shear properties reduce when the degrees of all kinds of defects increase. the dangling bond in sv and dv defected gr...

hydatid disease is a rare parasitic disease, which mainly involves liver then lung tissues. cardiac involvement is very rare, especially when there is not hepatic involvement. we describe a 47-year-old woman with a history of a lung hydatid cyst who was referred to rajaei heart center, tehran, iran in 2012. her chest computed tomographic scan showed a cardiac mass. echocardiographic examination...

Spontaneous herniation of the temporomandibular joint along a bony defect in external auditory canal is an uncommon condition that may lead to otologic symptoms. A 43-year-old gentleman presented with otalgia and soft tissue lesion, which flattens upon opening jaw. Computed tomography scan temporal region confirmed presence lesion herniated through wall defect. This should be included different...

BACKGROUND The concentrations of the pyrimidine "de novo" metabolites and their degradation products in urine are useful indicators for the diagnosis of an inborn error of the pyrimidine de novo pathway or a urea-cycle defect. Until now, no procedure was available that allowed the analysis of all of these metabolites in a single analytical run. We describe a rapid, specific method to measure th...

We read the paper by Kaymak et al. published in the latest issue of your journal with great interest (1). In this paper, the authors have discussed the benefit of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the differential diagnosis of fluid filled structures over the calvarium. In the first step of evaluation they used 2D transabdominal ultrasonography and detected a cystic mass over the poster...