Purpose – To examine issues of standardization and adaptation in global marketing strategy and to explain the dynamics of standardization. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual research paper that has been developed based on gaps in prior frameworks of standardization/adaptation. A three-factor model of standardization/adaptation of global marketing strategy was developed. The thre...

The paper reviews the criticism on the 4Ps Marketing Mix framework and the popular tool of traditional marketing management, and categorizes the main objections of using the model as the foundation of physical marketing. It argues that applying the traditional approach, based on the 4Ps paradigm, is also a poor choice in the case of virtual marketing and identifies two main limitations of the f...

With the rise of microfinance in developing countries and its evolution to a business model in developed nations, microfinance has fully transitioned to the internet, taking the distinctive form of social lending. However, the marketing trends of emerging peer-to-peer micro-lending websites have been largely unexplored during its rise to recognition due to most studies focusing on financial, ec...

The rural markets in India have grown size, range and sophistication in recent times. Under the changing Socioeconomic scenario, the rural markets have great potentialities in India and offer bright prospects and attraction to the companies. Rural marketing is confused with agricultural marketing particular emphasis is placed on the impact of the four A’s principles on the rural economy and its...

How does culture impinge affect international marketing mix decisions? This question is first dealt with through an assessment of the literature. Postulated or tested relations between cultural dimensions and each marketing mix variable are then presented. Concluding comments cover research issues and managerial implications. As most students of international marketing would agree, culture is a...

Horse and dog racetracks across the U.S. are experiencing declining attendance and betting handle. This article summarizes an investigation into possible causes and remedies for these trends. Three topics emerged: policy, marketing, and technology. First, industry and political leaders must cooperate in identifying and addressing central political-legal issues. Racing's second focus must be mar...

the aim of this study was to survey four fundamental effective factors in sport sponsorship decision making. for this purpose, viewpoints of 30 experts and active individuals in sport sponsorship such as managers of sponsor corporations, authorities of sport federations and clubs were analyzed. the method of this research was qualitative and explorative and was performed through interviews. the...

This paper considers how marketing can be made more appropriate in entrepreneurial contexts by proposing a conceptual model of the processes of marketing as undertaken by entrepreneurs. Although marketing is a key factor in the survival and development of business ventures, a number of entrepreneurial characteristics seem to be at variance with marketing according to the textbook. These include...

This research studies marketing mix and its elements – especially the Four Ps including product, price, place and promotionin the cultural industry. It reviews the concept of marketing mix and deals with its elements and then, studies in brief the impact of each element on the success of cultural industry. Since the development of cultural and art activities is significantly considered in the g...