The rising prices of pharmaceuticals have generated considerable, and often acrimonious, debate. Yet, there is little theoretical work or empirical evidence on pharmaceutical entry-pricing strategies or on the time paths of the prices of new entrants versus incumbents. This study explores the entry pricing strategies of pharmaceutical manufacturers. Previous theoretical models have considered a...

Conventionally, manufacturing firms determine the time to introduce a new product to the market long before launching the product. As the rate of technological innovation increases, product life cycles become shorter, and the timing for introducing a new product becomes more important. As a result, firms need to dynamically determine the market entry timing depending on the evolution of uncerta...

in this study, we focused on tehran stock exchange market analysis based on applying moving average rules. the tehran stock exchange in the middle east has evolved into an exciting and growing marketplace where individual and institutional investor trade securities of over 420 companies. in an attempt to examine the ability to earn excess return by exploiting moving average rules, the average a...

Job Market Signaling and Employer Learning This paper extends the job market signaling model of Spence (1973) by allowing firms to learn the ability of their employees over time. Contrary to the model without employer learning, we find that the Intuitive Criterion does not always select a unique separating equilibrium. When the Intuitive Criterion bites and information is purely asymmetric, the...

This study extends from Liu and Mei (1992) by further investigation of assets, real estate related securities, which includes both equity and mortgage real estate investment trusts (REITs), the stocks of builderand owner-companies, and mortgagebacked securities (MBSs). There are five major findings. First, expected excess returns of real estate related securities are more predictable than the e...

This paper represents a complete survey on Generation Companies’ (GenCos’) optimal bidding strategy problem in restructured power markets. In this regard after an introduction to competitive electricity markets, concept of optimal bidding strategy is presented. Considering large amount of works accomplished in this area a novel classification is implemented in order to categorize the existing d...

In a model with endogenous number of innovating firms, we show that whether patent protection increases R&D investment is ambiguous, and depends on the market demand function and the cost of R&D. If the market size increases with number of firms, patent protection reduces R&D investment if the cost of R&D is sufficiently high, and higher product differentiation increases the possibility of lowe...